Personalizing withdrawal time by insertion time to achieve target adenoma detection rate in colonoscopy

doi:10.3748/wjg.v31.i38.111364

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Oct 14, 2025 (publication date) through Oct 14, 2025

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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World J Gastroenterol. Oct 14, 2025; 31(38): 111364
Published online Oct 14, 2025. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i38.111364

Table 1 Clinical data of patients, mean ± SD/n (%)

Variables	Total (n = 830)	Non-adenoma (n = 576)	Adenoma (n = 254)	P value
Patient characteristics
Sex				< 0.001
Male	414 (49.9)	262 (45.5)	152 (59.8)
Female	416 (50.1)	314 (54.5)	102 (40.2)
Age	61.02 ± 7.98	60.09 ± 8.10	63.13 ± 7.29	0.017
BMI
< 24 kg/m²	467 (56.3)	324 (56.3)	143 (56.3)	0.989
≥ 24 kg/m²	363 (43.7)	252 (43.7)	111 (43.7)
Medical history
Hypertension	376 (45.3)	248 (43.1)	128 (50.4)	0.058
Diabetes	234 (28.2)	158 (27.4)	76 (29.9)	0.462
Hyperlipidemia	146 (17.6)	108 (18.8)	38 (15.0)	0.186
Hyperlipidemia	86 (10.4)	67 (11.6)	19 (7.5)	0.071
Coronary heart disease	121 (14.6)	92 (16.0)	29 (11.4)	0.087
Renal insufficiency	156 (18.8)	118 (20.5)	38 (15.0)	0.060
Stroke	121 (14.6)	92 (16.0)	29 (11.4)	0.087
Hyperthyroidism	11 (1.3)	5 (0.9)	6 (2.4)	0.083
Hypothyroidism	35 (4.2)	26 (4.5)	9 (3.5)	0.521
Thyroid nodules	122 (14.7)	83 (14.4)	39 (15.4)	0.723
COPD	6 (0.7)	4 (0.7)	2 (0.8)	0.884
Rheumatic diseases	96 (11.6)	76 (13.2)	20 (7.9)	0.033
Mental illness	39 (4.7)	28 (4.9)	11 (4.3)	0.739
Benign tumors of the gastrointestinal tract	125 (15.1)	75 (13.0)	50 (19.7)	0.015
Other cancers	74 (8.9)	53 (9.2)	21 (8.3)	0.664
History of abdominopelvic surgery	122 (14.7)	85 (14.8)	37 (14.6)	0.943
Clinical symptoms
Constipation	30 (3.6)	20 (3.5)	10 (3.9)	0.741
Bellyache	230 (27.7)	166 (28.8)	64 (25.2)	0.283
Diarrhea	119 (14.3)	84 (14.6)	35 (13.8)	0.761
Abdominal distension	44 (5.3)	32 (5.6)	12 (4.7)	0.622
Blood in the stool	47 (5.7)	35 (6.1)	12 (4.7)	0.437
Black stool	17 (2.0)	14 (2.4)	3 (1.2)	0.242
Vomit	3 (0.4)	2 (0.3)	1 (0.4)	0.918
Personal history
Smoking	93 (11.2)	57 (9.9)	36 (14.2)	0.072
Drinking	61 (7.3)	41 (7.1)	20 (7.9)	0.701

BMI: Body mass index; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Full Size Table

Table 2 Colonoscopy operation data of patients, n (%)

Variables	Total (n = 830)	Non-adenoma (n = 576)	Adenoma (n = 254)	P value
Operating factors
Doctor level				0.016
High	646 (77.8)	435 (75.5)	211 (83.1)
Low	184 (22.2)	141 (24.5)	43 (16.9)
BBPS				0.879
Good	687 (82.8)	476 (82.6)	211 (83.1)
Excellent	143 (17.2)	100 (17.4)	43 (16.9)
Anesthesia condition				0.873
No	112 (13.5)	77 (13.4)	35 (13.8)
Yes	718 (86.5)	499 (86.6)	219 (86.2)
Intubation time				0.809
< 10 minutes	761 (91.7)	529 (91.8)	232 (91.3)
≥ 10 minutes	69 (8.3)	47 (8.2)	22 (8.7)
Withdrawal time				< 0.001
< 6 minutes	592 (71.3)	446 (77.4)	146 (57.5)
≥ 6 minutes	238 (28.7)	130 (22.6)	108 (42.5)

BBPS: Boston bowel preparation scale.

Full Size Table

Table 3 Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses of colorectal adenoma

Variables	Univariable analysis		Multivariable analysis
Variables	OR (95%CI)	P value	OR (95%CI)	P value
Male (%)	1.79 (1.32-2.41)	< 0.001	1.59 (1.15-2.19)	0.005
Age	1.05 (1.03-1.07)	< 0.001	1.05 (1.03-1.08)	< 0.001
BMI ≥ 24 kg/m²	1.00 (0.74-1.34)	0.989
Hypertension	1.34 (1.00-1.81)	0.051
Diabetes	1.13 (0.82-1.56)	0.463
Hyperlipidemia	0.76 (0.51-1.14)	0.187
Hyperlipidemia	0.61 (0.36-1.05)	0.073
Coronary heart disease	0.68 (0.43-1.06)	0.088
Renal insufficiency	0.68 (0.46-1.02)	0.061
Stroke	0.68 (0.43-1.06)	0.088
Hyperthyroidism	1.76 (0.84-2.14)	0.657
Hypothyroidism	0.78 (0.36-1.68)	0.522
Thyroid nodules	1.08 (0.71-1.63)	0.723
COPD	1.13 (0.21-6.24)	0.884
Rheumatic diseases	0.56 (0.34-0.94)	0.029	0.72 (0.42-1.23)	0.229
Mental illness	0.89 (0.43-1.81)	0.739
Benign tumors of the gastrointestinal tract	1.64 (1.11-2.43)	0.014	1.46 (0.96-2.21)	0.079
Other cancers	0.89 (0.52-1.51)	0.664
History of abdominopelvic surgery	0.98 (0.65-1.50)	0.943
Constipation	1.14 (0.53-2.47)	0.741
Bellyache	0.83 (0.59-1.16)	0.283
Diarrhea	0.94 (0.61-1.43)	0.761
Abdominal distension	0.84 (0.43-1.66)	0.623
Blood in the stool	0.77 (0.39-1.50)	0.439
Black stool	0.48 (0.14-1.68)	0.252
Vomit	1.13 (0.89-3.57)	0.542
Smoking	1.50 (0.96-2.35)	0.073
Drinking	1.12 (0.64-1.95)	0.701
Doctor level	1.59 (1.09-2.32)	0.016	1.79 (1.20-2.68)	0.005
BBPS	0.97 (0.66-1.44)	0.879
Intravenous anesthesia	0.97 (0.63-1.48)	0.873
Intubation time	1.01 (1.00-1.03)	0.621
Withdrawal time	1.02 (1.01-1.05)	< 0.001	1.02 (1.01-1.05)	< 0.001

OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; BMI: Body mass index; COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; BBPS: Boston bowel preparation scale.

Full Size Table

Citation: Xu BX, Xu CZ, Zhang HY, Chen XJ, Wei BN, Yang C. Personalizing withdrawal time by insertion time to achieve target adenoma detection rate in colonoscopy. World J Gastroenterol 2025; 31(38): 111364
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v31/i38/111364.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v31.i38.111364