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©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Gastroenterol. Oct 7, 2025; 31(37): 111038
Published online Oct 7, 2025. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i37.111038
Published online Oct 7, 2025. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i37.111038
Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients in the hepatectomy group and the ex vivo liver resection and autotransplantation group, n (%)
| Variable | Levels | Hepatectomy (n = 545) | ELRA (n = 165) | P value |
| Gender | Female | 275 (50.5) | 97 (58.8) | 0.074 |
| Male | 270 (49.5) | 68 (41.2) | ||
| History of previous hepatectomy | None | 446 (81.8) | 140 (84.8) | 0.438 |
| Yes | 99 (18.2) | 25 (15.2) | ||
| Lesion size, cm | < 5 | 47 (8.6) | 5 (3) | < 0.001 |
| 5 ≤ to < 10 | 217 (39.8) | 37 (22.4) | ||
| 10 ≤ to < 15 | 192 (35.2) | 61 (37) | ||
| 15 ≤ to < 20 | 76 (13.9) | 47 (28.5) | ||
| ≥ 20 | 13 (2.4) | 15 (9.1) | ||
| Lesion number | Single | 358 (65.7) | 114 (69.1) | 0.473 |
| Multiple | 187 (34.3) | 51 (30.9) | ||
| Lesion location | Single liver lobe | 333 (61.1) | 75 (45.5) | < 0.001 |
| Multiple liver lobes | 212 (38.9) | 90 (54.5) | ||
| Type of vascular invasion by the lesion | No abnormality | 248 (45.5) | 25 (15.2) | < 0.001 |
| Only invaded the portal vein | 91 (16.7) | 21 (12.7) | ||
| Only invaded the hepatic vein | 37 (6.8) | 18 (10.9) | ||
| Only invaded the inferior vena cava | 10 (1.8) | 4 (2.4) | ||
| Invaded two types of vessels simultaneously | 124 (22.8) | 63 (38.2) | ||
| Invaded three types of vessels simultaneously | 35 (6.4) | 34 (20.6) | ||
| Degree of lesion invasion of the bile duct | No abnormality | 281 (51.6) | 37 (22.4) | < 0.001 |
| Only compressed the bile duct | 125 (22.9) | 56 (33.9) | ||
| Invaded the bile duct | 139 (25.5) | 72 (43.6) | ||
| WBC | Median (IQR) | 6.72 (5.50-7.99) | 6.08 (5.09-7.80) | 0.005 |
| Hb | Median (IQR) | 131.00 (113.00-144.00) | 113.00 (101.00-128.00) | < 0.001 |
| PLT | Median (IQR) | 253.00 (200.00-311.00) | 237.00 (179.00-299.00) | 0.033 |
| ALT | Median (IQR) | 27.79 (18.00-52.22) | 31.64 (19.56-59.00) | 0.101 |
| GGT | Median (IQR) | 69.00 (35.30-154.00) | 110.89 (60.60-232.30) | < 0.001 |
| DBil | Median (IQR) | 1.86 (0.30-4.10) | 1.86 (0.30-5.49) | 0.513 |
| IBil | Median (IQR) | 7.59 (4.68-11.52) | 9.37 (6.44-14.21) | < 0.001 |
| ALB | Median (IQR) | 37.70 (34.21-40.50) | 36.67 (33.79-40.00) | 0.112 |
| GLO | Median (IQR) | 39.36 (33.47-45.30) | 44.20 (38.19-50.50) | < 0.001 |
| Scr | Median (IQR) | 59.86 (48.68-70.38) | 49.92 (42.71-65.00) | < 0.001 |
| BUN | Median (IQR) | 4.40 (3.58-5.40) | 3.90 (3.17-4.90) | < 0.001 |
| UA | Median (IQR) | 268.00 (212.00-332.88) | 244.75 (206.04-298.96) | 0.009 |
| ALP | Median (IQR) | 131.71 (91.00-240.00) | 207.60 (134.46-381.68) | < 0.001 |
| TT | Median (IQR) | 20.40 (19.20-21.50) | 21.30 (20.10-22.20) | < 0.001 |
| PT | Median (IQR) | 12.00 (11.20-12.90) | 12.80 (11.90-14.20) | < 0.001 |
| APTT | Median (IQR) | 34.20 (31.70-36.90) | 34.80 (31.60-38.00) | 0.076 |
Table 2 Baseline characteristics of patients in the training set and validation set, n (%)
| Variable | Levels | Training set (n = 474) | Validation set (n = 236) | P value |
| Gender | Female | 239 (50.4) | 133 (56.4) | 0.158 |
| Male | 235 (49.6) | 103 (43.6) | ||
| History of previous hepatectomy | None | 393 (82.9) | 193 (81.8) | 0.788 |
| Yes | 81 (17.1) | 43 (18.2) | ||
| Lesion size, cm | < 5 | 33 (7) | 19 (8.1) | 0.293 |
| 5 ≤ to < 10 | 169 (35.7) | 85 (36) | ||
| 10 ≤ to < 15 | 166 (35) | 87 (36.9) | ||
| 15 ≤ to < 20 | 82 (17.3) | 41 (17.4) | ||
| ≥ 20 | 24 (5.1) | 4 (1.7) | ||
| Lesion number | Single | 312 (65.8) | 160 (67.8) | 0.660 |
| Multiple | 162 (34.2) | 76 (32.2) | ||
| Lesion location | Single liver lobe | 279 (58.9) | 129 (54.7) | 0.324 |
| Multiple liver lobes | 195 (41.1) | 107 (45.3) | ||
| Type of vascular invasion by the lesion | No abnormality | 195 (41.1) | 78 (33.1) | 0.436 |
| Only invaded the portal vein | 71 (15) | 41 (17.4) | ||
| Only invaded the hepatic vein | 36 (7.6) | 19 (8.1) | ||
| Only invaded the inferior vena cava | 10 (2.1) | 4 (1.7) | ||
| Invaded two types of vessels simultaneously | 118 (24.9) | 69 (29.2) | ||
| Invaded three types of vessels simultaneously | 44 (9.3) | 25 (10.6) | ||
| Degree of lesion invasion of the bile duct | No abnormality | 218 (46) | 100 (42.4) | 0.658 |
| Only compressed the bile duct | 118 (24.9) | 63 (26.7) | ||
| Invaded the bile duct | 138 (29.1) | 73 (30.9) | ||
| WBC | Median (IQR) | 6.61 (5.36-8.00) | 6.46 (5.45-7.80) | 0.404 |
| Hb | mean ± SD | 127.00 (110.00-142.00) | 125.00 (108.00-141.00) | 0.248 |
| PLT | Median (IQR) | 247.00 (197.00-307.00) | 257.50 (192.50-314.00) | 0.405 |
| ALT | Median (IQR) | 28.30 (17.90-57.00) | 30.82 (18.72-49.88) | 0.924 |
| GGT | Median (IQR) | 73.97 (37.00-172.83) | 81.83 (43.64-178.51) | 0.379 |
| DBil | Median (IQR) | 1.88 (0.30-4.36) | 1.83 (0.30-4.30) | 0.458 |
| IBil | Median (IQR) | 7.68 (4.90-11.89) | 8.38 (5.61-12.38) | 0.220 |
| ALB | Median (IQR) | 37.49 (34.20-40.40) | 37.41 (33.80-40.35) | 0.540 |
| GLO | Median (IQR) | 40.04 (33.70-46.70) | 40.72 (35.41-46.10) | 0.252 |
| Scr | Median (IQR) | 57.68 (47.29-69.39) | 58.37 (47.00-69.42) | 0.920 |
| BUN | Median (IQR) | 4.29 (3.50-5.34) | 4.20 (3.44-5.13) | 0.592 |
| UA | Median (IQR) | 264.79 (209.00-333.40) | 255.31 (211.23-318.36) | 0.277 |
| ALP | Median (IQR) | 144.65 (93.82-282.01) | 156.62 (95.73-313.78) | 0.190 |
| TT | Median (IQR) | 20.60 (19.40-21.60) | 20.60 (19.30-21.90) | 0.701 |
| PT | Median (IQR) | 12.20 (11.30-13.20) | 12.10 (11.30-13.15) | 0.867 |
| APTT | Median (IQR) | 34.30 (32.00-37.40) | 34.05 (31.40-37.15) | 0.325 |
| Type of surgery | Hepatectomy | 364 (76.8) | 181 (76.7) | 1.000 |
| ELRA | 110 (23.2) | 55 (23.3) |
- Citation: Zhu DL, Tulahong A, Liu C, Aierken A, Tan W, Ruze R, Yuan ZD, Yin L, Jiang TM, Lin RY, Shao YM, Aji T. Identification of key factors and explainability analysis for surgical decision-making in hepatic alveolar echinococcosis assisted by machine learning. World J Gastroenterol 2025; 31(37): 111038
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v31/i37/111038.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v31.i37.111038