Circulating copeptin level and the clinical prognosis of patients with chronic liver disease

Table 1 Characteristics of the included studies

Ref.	Country	Design	Diagnosis	Patient number	Mean age (yr)	Male (%)	CP class C (%)	Methods for copeptin measuring	Copeptin analysis	Median follow-up duration (mo)	Variables adjusted
Moreno et al[23], 2013	France	PC	Cirrhosis (alcohol 84.2%)	125	58	69	33.7	Kryptor immunoassay	13 pmol/L, T3:T1-2	11	Age, sex, CP Class, and CRP
Kerbert et al[24], 2015	The Netherlands	RC	Cirrhosis (alcohol 34.4%, viral 18%)	61	54	75.4	31.1	Kryptor immunoassay	21.9 pmol/L, ROC analysis	12	Age, sex, and MELD score
Sola 2016-original	Spain	PC	Cirrhosis (alcohol 43%, HCV 34%)	265	60	66	NR	Kryptor immunoassay	14 pmol/L, median	3	Age, sex, MELD score, and leukocyte count
Sola 2016-validation	Multiple European countries	RC	Cirrhosis (alcohol 51%, HCV 19%)	120	57	72	NR	Kryptor immunoassay	19 pmol/L, median	3	Age, sex, and MELD score
Kerbert et al[25], 2016	The Netherlands and France	PC	Cirrhosis (alcohol 70.1%, viral 11.4%)	184	55.7	70.7	21.2	Kryptor immunoassay	12.3 pmol/L, ROC analysis	12	Age, sex, CP class, and CRP
Kerbert et al[27], 2017	Multiple European countries	RC	Acute decompensated cirrhosis (alcohol 61%, HCV 31.9%, and HBV 5.7%)	779	58	65.7	NR	Kryptor immunoassay	13.6 pmol/L, ROC analysis	3	Age, sex, WBC, sodium, and MELD score
Schneider et al[28], 2019	Germany	RC	End-stage liver disease (alcohol 63.4%, viral 8.5%)	615	57.2	61.9	NR	Kryptor immunoassay	16.3 pmol/L, T3:T1-2	9.3	Age, sex, and MELD-Na score
Zhao et al[29], 2019	China	PC	HBV related ACLF	151	49	83.4	NR	ELISA	18.7 pmol/L, median	1	Age, sex, and MELD score
Hartl et al[30], 2021	Austria	RC	ACLD (alcohol 36.2%, viral 35.9%)	663	56.6	68.2	16.5	Kryptor immunoassay	11.4 pmol/L, ULN	26.2	Age, sex, MELD score, HVPG, albumin, sodium, and presence of HCC
Shigefuku et al[36], 2021	Japan	RC	CLD (alcohol 45.9%, viral 57.0%), cirrhosis 66.5%	170	67.3	58.2	NR	Automated copeptin immunofluorescent assay	4.8 pmol/L, ROC analysis	48	Age, sex, eGFR, ALBI score, and presence of HCC

CP: Child-Pugh; PC: Prospective cohort; RC: Retrospective cohort; HBV: Hepatitis B virus; HCV: Hepatitis C virus; ACLF: Acute-on-chronic liver failure; ACLD: Advanced chronic liver diseases; CLD: Chronic liver diseases; NR: Not Reported; ELISA: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; T: Tertile; ROC: Receiver operating characteristic; ULN: Upper limit of normal; CRP: C-reactive protein; MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease; WBC: White blood cell; HVPG: Hepatic venous pressure gradient; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; ALBI: Albumin-bilirubin; eGFR: Estimated glomerular infiltrating rate.

Table 2 Quality evaluation of the included studies via the Newcastle-Ottawa scale

Ref.	Representativeness of the exposed cohort	Selection of the non-exposed cohort	Ascertainment of exposure	Outcome not present at baseline	Control for age and sex	Control for other confounding factors	Assessment of outcome	Suitable follow-up duration	Adequacy of follow-up of cohorts	Total
Moreno et al[23], 2013	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	8
Kerbert et al[24], 2015	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	8
Sola 2016-original	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	8
Sola 2016-validation	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	7
Kerbert et al[25], 2016	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	9
Kerbert et al[27], 2017	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	7
Schneider et al[28], 2019	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	7
Zhao et al[29], 2019	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	0	1	8
Hartl et al[30], 2021	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	8
Shigefuku et al[36], 2021	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	9