Current and emerging therapeutic strategies in pancreatic cancer: Challenges and opportunities

Table 1 Landmark trials on adjuvant treatment in pancreatic adenocarcinoma

Study	No. of patients	Treatment arms	Median DFS in mo	Median OS in mo
GITSG[33]	43	Observation	NR	20.0
		Radiotherapy + 5-FU f/b adjuvant 5-FU	NR	10.9
ESPAC-1[34]	289	Observation	NR	15.5
		Chemoradiotherapy	NR	13.9
		5-FU/folinic acid	NR	20.1
		Chemoradiotherapy + 5-FU/folinic acid	NR	19.9
CONKO-001[9]	354	Observation	6.7	20.2
		Gemcitabine	13.4	22.8
ESPAC-3[35]	1088	5-FU/folinic acid	14.1	23.0
		Gemcitabine	14.3	23.6
ESPAC-4[36]	730	Gemcitabine	13.1	25.5
		Gemcitabine + Capecitabine	13.9	28.0
CONKO-005[30]	436	Gemcitabine	11.4	26.5
		Gemcitabine + Erlotinib	11.4	24.6
PRODIGE 24-PA6[37]	493	Gemcitabine	12.8	35.0
		FOLFIRINOX	21.6	54.4
APACT[11]	866	Gemcitabine	18.8	36.2
		Gemcitabine + nab-paclitaxel	19.4	40.5

5-FU: 5-Fluorouracil; CONKO: Charité Onkologie; DFS: Disease-free survival; ESPAC: European Group for Pancreatic Cancer; GITSG: Gastrointestinal Tumor Study Group; NR: Not reported; OS: Overall survival; PRODIGE: Partenariat de Recherche en Oncologie DIGEstive.

Table 2 Landmark trails on use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Study	No. of patients	Treatment arms	Resection rate, %	R0	Median DFS in mo	Median OS in mo
PACT-15[44]	93 Resectable	Surgery + gemcitabine	85	27	4.7	20.4
		Surgery + 6 PEXG	90	37	12.4	26.4
		3PEXG + surgery + 3 PEXG	84	63	16.9	16.9
PREOPANC-01[48]	248 Resectable + BRPC	26Gy/15fr + gemcitabine	60	63	9.9	17.1
		Surgery	72	31	7.9	13.7

BRPC: Borderline resectable pancreatic cancer; DFS: Disease-free survival; OS: Overall survival; PEXG: Cisplatin, epirubicin, gemcitabine, and capecitabine.