Copyright
©The Author(s) 2020.
World J Gastroenterol. Apr 14, 2020; 26(14): 1660-1673
Published online Apr 14, 2020. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i14.1660
Published online Apr 14, 2020. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v26.i14.1660
Baseline characteristics | Normal EUS (n = 74) | Pancreatic Cyst (n = 25) | BD-IPMN (n = 9) | Diffuse abnormality (n = 9) | Neoplastic tumours on EUS (n = 3) | P value |
Age (yr), mean (SD) | 55.0 (9.8) | 57.3 (7.9) | 60.1 (10.0) | 59.3 (8.8) | 57.7 (4.5) | 0.388 |
Age quartile, n (%) | ||||||
Quartile 1 (35-50) | 23 (31.1) | 5 (20.0) | 1 (11.1) | 2 (22.2) | 0 (0.0) | |
Quartile 2 (51-56) | 17 (23.0) | 7 (28.0) | 3 (33.3) | 1 (11.1) | 1 (33.3) | |
Quartile 3 (57-63) | 20 (27.0) | 6 (24.0) | 2 (22.2) | 3 (33.3) | 2 (66.7) | |
Quartile 4 (64-78) | 14 (18.9) | 7 (28.0) | 3 (33.3) | 3 (33.3) | 0 (0.0) | |
BMI, mean (SD) | 27.3 (5.2) | 27.8 (5.4) | 26.8 (4.2) | 31.6 (3.4) | 24.0 (5.2) | 0.117 |
BMI quartile, n (%) | 0.0131 | |||||
Quartile 1 (19.5-23.8) | 18 (24.3) | 6 (24.0) | 4 (44.4) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (66.7) | |
Quartile 2 (23.9-27.2) | 22 (29.7) | 8 (32.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
Quartile 3 (27.3-30.4) | 18 (24.3) | 6 (24.0) | 2 (22.2) | 3 (33.3) | 1 (33.3) | |
Quartile 4 (30.5-46.7) | 16 (21.6) | 5 (20.0) | 3 (33.3) | 6 (66.7) | 0 (0.0) | |
Gender, n (%) | 0.362 | |||||
Female | 51 (68.9) | 18 (72.0) | 5 (55.6) | 4 (44.4) | 1 (33.3) | |
Male | 23 (31.1) | 7 (28.0) | 4 (44.4) | 5 (55.6) | 2 (66.7) | |
BRCA2 positive, n (%) | 10 (13.5) | 7 (28.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (33.3) | 2 (66.7) | 0.0321 |
First degree relatives with PC, n (%) | 0.947 | |||||
0 | 3 (4.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
1 | 43 (58.1) | 16 (64.0) | 4 (44.4) | 5 (55.6) | 2 (66.7) | |
2 | 21 (28.4) | 5 (20.0) | 5 (55.6) | 4 (44.4) | 1 (33.3) | |
3 | 7 (9.5) | 4 (16.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
Second degree relative with PC, n (%) | 0.432 | |||||
0 | 23 (31.1) | 9 (36.0) | 5 (55.6) | 1 (11.1) | 2 (66.7) | |
1 | 17 (23.0) | 9 (36.0) | 0 (0.0) | 7 (77.8) | 1 (33.3) | |
2 | 20 (27.0) | 3 (12.0) | 2 (22.2) | 1 (11.1) | 0 (0.0) | |
3 | 8 (10.8) | 3 (12.0) | 2 (22.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
4 | 6 (8.1) | 1 (4.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
Youngest PC diagnosis, median (IQR) | 50 (44-64.5) | 60 (46-66) | 65 (45.5-68.5) | 53 (38-70) | 75 (22-75) | 0.519 |
Ethnicity, n (%) | 0.848 | |||||
Asian | 1 (1.4) | 1 (4.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
Caucasian | 70 (94.6) | 24 (96.0) | 9 (100.0) | 9 (100.0) | 3 (100.0) | |
Other | 3 (4.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
Jewish origin, n (%) | 5 (6.8) | 7 (28.0) | 1 (11.1) | 1 (11.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0.079 |
Ashkenazi | 5 (7.4) | 6 (24.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (11.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0.121 |
Medical history | ||||||
Personal history of cancer, n (%) | 13 (17.6) | 5 (20.0) | 3 (33.3) | 4 (44.4) | 1 (33.3) | 0.350 |
Diabetes, n (%) | 4 (5.4) | 1 (4.0) | 1 (11.1) | 2 (22.2) | 0 (0.0) | 0.434 |
Insulin, n (%) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (14.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.184 |
Oral hypoglycaemic medication, n (%) | 4 (7.4) | 3 (16.7) | 1 (16.7) | 1 (14.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.840 |
Smoking status, n (%) | 0.188 | |||||
Never smoked | 32 (47.8) | 17 (68.0) | 5 (55.6) | 6 (66.7) | 2 (66.7) | |
Stopped smoking | 32 (47.8) | 7 (28.0) | 4 (44.4) | 3 (33.3) | 0 (.0) | |
Still smoking | 3 (4.5) | 1 (4.0) | 0 (.0) | 0 (.0) | 1 (33.3) | |
Cigarettes per day, Median (IQR) | 13.5 (6.0-20.0) | 12.5 (6.3-23.8) | 12.0 (1.0-12.0) | 10.0 (5.0-10.0) | 20.0 (20.0-20.0) | 0.929 |
Cigarettes per day quartile, n (%) | 0.963 | |||||
Quartile 1 (1-6) | 11 (30.6) | 2 (25.0) | 1 (33.3) | 1 (33.3) | 0 (0.0) | |
Quartile 2 (7-12) | 7 (19.4) | 2 (25.0) | 1 (33.3) | 1 (33.3) | 0 (0.0) | |
Quartile 3 (15-20) | 14 (38.9) | 2 (25.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (100.0) | |
Quartile 4 (25-75) | 4 (11.1) | 2 (25.0) | 1 (33.3) | 1 (33.3) | 0 (0.0) | |
Years smoking, n (%) | 0.629 | |||||
< 10 | 12 (33.3) | 3 (37.5) | 2 (50.0) | 1 (33.3) | 0 (0.0) | |
11-20 | 11 (30.6) | 3 (37.5) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (33.3) | 0 (0.0) | |
21-30 | 8 (22.2) | 1 (12.5) | 2 (50.0) | 1 (33.3) | 0 (0.0) | |
31-40 | 4 (11.1) | 1 (12.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (100.0) | |
41-50 | 1 (2.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
> 50 | 12 (33.3) | 3 (37.5) | 2 (50.0) | 1 (33.3) | 0 (0.0) | |
Alcohol consumption, n (%) | 0.209 | |||||
Daily | 19 (25.7) | 7 (28.0) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (33.3) | 2 (66.7) | |
Weekly | 14 (18.9) | 5 (20.0) | 1 (11.1) | 2 (22.2) | 0 (0.0) | |
Social | 5 (6.8) | 5 (20.0) | 2 (22.2) | 2 (22.2) | 1 (33.3) | |
No history of chronic consumption | 36 (48.6) | 8 (32.0) | 6 (66.7) | 2 (22.2) | 0 (0.0) | |
Drinks per week, Median (IQR) | 6.0 (3.0-15.0) | 4 (2.0-10.0) | 2.5 (1.0-6.0) | 6.0 (1.0-15.0) | 21.0 (1.0-21.0) | 0.331 |
Drinks per week quartile, n (%) | 0.328 | |||||
Quartile 1 (1 - 3) | 16 (25.8) | 6 (31.6) | 5 (62.5) | 2 (28.6) | 1 (33.3) | |
Quartile 2 (4 - 6) | 19 (30.6) | 4 (21.1) | 2 (25.0) | 2 (28.6) | 0 (0.0) | |
Quartile 3 (7 - 14) | 11 (17.7) | 7 (36.8) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (14.3) | 0 (0.0) | |
Quartile 4 (15 - 35) | 16 (25.8) | 2 (10.5) | 1 (12.5) | 2 (28.6) | 2 (66.7) | |
Age of first drink, Median (IQR) | 18.0 (17.0-18.0) | 20.0 (18.0-25.0) | 19.0 (18.0-21.0) | 17.0 (15.0-20.0) | 18.0 (15.0-18.0) | 0.0331 |
Years drinking, n (%) | 0.129 | |||||
< 10 | 2 (3.4) | 2 (11.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
11-20 | 11 (18.6) | 3 (17.6) | 3 (37.5) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
21-30 | 13 (22.0) | 6 (35.3) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (28.6) | 1 (33.3) | |
31-40 | 22 (37.3) | 5 (29.4) | 2 (25.0) | 1 (14.3) | 2 (66.7) | |
41-50 | 8 (13.6) | 1 (5.9) | 2 (25.0) | 2 (28.6) | 0 (0.0) | |
> 50 | 2 (3.4) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (12.5) | 2 (28.6) | 0 (0.0) | |
Biochemistry | ||||||
CRP, Median (IQR) | 1.3 (0.6-2.5) | 1.7 (0.7-4.2) | 1.4 (0.5-1.9) | 0.8 (0.6-4.4) | 0.8 (0.3-0.8) | 0.835 |
CA19-9, Median (IQR) | 9.0 (6.0-16.0) | 9.0 (7.0-15.8) | 9.0 (5.7-15.0) | 16.0 (8.5-19.5) | 47.0 (22.0-47.0) | 0.058 |
MIC-1/GDF15, Median (IQR) | 558.2 (449.6-715.3) | 574.3 (448.5-830.3) | 659.3 (484.2-1077.3) | 553.2 (512.9-967.0) | 849.1 (604.9- 849.1) | 0.178 |
- Citation: O’Neill RS, Emmanuel S, Williams D, Stoita A. Macrophage inhibitory cytokine-1/growth differentiation factor-15 in premalignant and neoplastic tumours in a high-risk pancreatic cancer cohort. World J Gastroenterol 2020; 26(14): 1660-1673
- URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/1007-9327/full/v26/i14/1660.htm
- DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v26.i14.1660