Progress in the development of vaccines for hepatitis C virus infection

Table 1 Hepatitis C virus theraputic and preventive vaccines tested in primates and humans

Type of vaccine	Lead author	Year	Vaccine	Tested in	Adjuvant	Ref.
Recombinant protein	Leroux-Roels	2004	Recombinant E1 (T2S-918/InnoVac-C)	Human n = 20	Alum	[160]
	Choo	1994	Recombinant E1 or E2	Chimpanzee n = 7	MF59	[153]
	Frey	2010	Recombinant E1 or E2	Human n = 60	MF59	[161]
	Drane	2009	Recombinant Core	Human n = 30	ISCOMATRIX	[163]
	Verstrepen	2011	Recombinant E1 or E2	Chimpanzee n = 4	Alum	[162]
	Puig	2004	Recombinant E1 or E2	Chimpanzee n = 2	Oil/water	[155]
Peptide	Firbas	2006	7 HLA-A2 restricted peptides (IC41)	Human n = 128	Poly-L-arginine	[149]
	Firbas	2010	7 HLA-A2 restricted peptides (IC41)	Human n = 54	Poly-L-arginine	[150]
	Yutani	2007	Peptide vaccine targeting E1, E2, NS3 and NS5A	Human n = 12	-	[145]
	Klade	2008	Synthetic peptide vaccine (core, NS3, NS4) (IC41)	Human n = 60	Poly-L-arginine	[146]
DNA vaccine	Forns	2000	DNA vaccine expressing E2 protein	Chimpanzee n = 2	-	[227]
	Sallberg	2009	NS3/4A expressing plasmid (ChronVac-C)	Human n = 12	-	[179]
	Alvarez-Lajonchere	2009	Plasmid (CIGB-230) expressing core, E1, E2 plus recombinant core protein	Human n = 15	-	[175]
Virally vectored	Rollier	2007	DNA/MVA	Chimpanzee n = 4	-	[201]
	Folgori	2006	Ad6/Ad24 + electroporated DNA	Chimpanzee n = 5	-	[191]
	Fattori	2006	Ad6/Ad6/ChAd32	Rhesus macaque n = 3	-	[194]
	Barnes	2012	Ad6/ChAd3	Human n = 30	-	[193]
	Youn	2008	Recombinant vaccinia	Chimpanzee n = 4	-	[207]
	Habersetzer	2009	Modified vaccinia Ankara virus expressing HCV NS3-NS5B (TG4040)	Human n = 15	-	[203]
Others	Elmowalid	2007	Virus like particles	Chimpanzee n = 4	AS01B	[215]
	Batdelgar	2008	V-5 Immunitor–heat- inactivated HCV antigens from HCV infected donors (tablet administered orally)	Human n = 10	-	[219]

HCV: Hepatitis C virus; E1: HCV E1 glycoprotein; E2: HCV E2 glycoprotein.