Loss of stromal caveolin-1 expression in colorectal cancer predicts poor survival

Table 1 Association of stromal caveolin-1 expression with clinicopathologic parameters n (%)

Variable	Cav-1			P-value
	0	1	2
Age (yr)				0.0951
≤ 50	22 (33.8)	19 (29.2)	24 (36.9)
> 50	27 (23.9)	31 (27.4)	55 (48.7)
Gender				0.4041
Male	26 (25.2)	29 (28.2)	48 (46.6)
Female	23 (30.7)	21 (28.0)	31 (41.3)
Tumor size (cm)				0.6881
< 5	28 (27.7)	30 (29.7)	43 (42.6)
≥ 5	21 (27.3)	20 (26.0)	36 (46.8)
Tumor location				0.3781
Colon	32 (30.8)	28 (26.9)	44 (42.3)
Rectum	17 (23.3)	22 (30.1)	34 (46.6)
Histological type				0.0222a
Well	1 (12.5)	4 (50.0)	3 (37.5)
Moderate	31 (23.8)	35 (26.9)	64 (49.2)
Poor	17 (42.5)	11 (27.5)	12 (30.0)
Pathologic T stage				0.1182
T1	1 (50.0)	0 (0)	1 (50.0)
T2	0 (0)	5 (35.7)	9 (64.3)
T3	45 (29.2)	44 (28.6)	65 (42.2)
T4	3 (37.5)	1 (12.5)	4 (50.0)
Pathologic N stage				0.0352a
N0	10 (16.4)	20 (32.8)	31 (50.8)
N1	23 (29.1)	23 (29.1)	33 (41.8)
N2	16 (42.1)	7 (18.4)	15 (39.5)
Pathologic TNM stage				0.0472a
I	0 (0)	4 (50.0)	4 (50.0)
II	10 (18.9)	16 (30.2)	27 (50.9)
III	39 (33.3)	30 (25.6)	48 (41.0)
Tumor cell Cav-1				0.6971
Negative	26.7 (61.8)	29.1 (63.8)	76 (44.2)
Positive	3 (50.0)	0 (0)	3 (50.0)
Recurrence				< 0.0011a
No		28 (24.1)	68 (58.6)
Yes		21 (36.2)	10 (17.2)

¹Mann-Whitney test;

²Spearman’s test;

^aP < 0.05, stromal CAV-1 vs clinical variables. CAV-1: Caveolin-1; TNM: Tumor-node-metastasis.

Table 2 Association between tumor cell caveolin-1 expression and clinicopathologic parameters n (%)

Variable	Cav-1		P-value
	Negative	Positive
Age (yr)			1.000
≤ 50	63 (96.9)	2 (3.1)
> 50	109 (96.5)	4 (3.5)
Gender			0.698
Male	100 (97.1)	3 (2.9)
Female	72 (96.0)	3 (4.0)
Tumor size (cm)			0.237
< 5	96 (95.0)	5 (5.0)
≥ 5	76 (98.7)	1 (1.3)
Tumor location			0.694
Colon	101 (97.1)	3 (2.9)
Rectum	71 (95.9)	3 (4.1)
Histological type			0.498
Well	8 (100)	0 (0)
Moderate	124 (95.4)	6 (4.6)
Poor	40 (100.0)	0 (0)
Pathologic T stage			0.073
T1	2 (100.0)	0 (0)
T2	14 (100)	0 (0)
T3	150 (97.4)	4 (2.6)
T4	6 (75.0)	2 (25.0)
Pathologic N stage			0.304
N0	57 (93.4)	4 (6.6)
N1	77 (97.5)	2 (2.5)
N2	38 (100)	0 (0)
Pathologic TNM stage			0.158
I	8 (100)	0 (0)
II	49 (92.5)	4 (7.5)
III	115 (98.3)	2 (1.7)
Stromal Cav-1			0.208
0	46 (93.9)	3 (6.1)
1	50 (100)	0 (0)
2	76 (96.2)	3 (3.8)
Recurrence			0.180
No	110 (94.8)	6 (5.2)
Yes	58 (100)	0 (0)

CAV-1: Caveolin-1; TNM: Tumor-node-metastasis.

Table 3 Univariate and multivariate analyses of prognostic factors in colorectal cancer with respect to overall survival and disease-free survival

Parameter	Univariate analysisP-value	Multivariate analysisHR (95%CI)	P-value
OS
Age (> 50)	0.185	-	1.632
Gender	0.794	-	1.431
Tumor location	0.384	-	1.414
Tumor cell Cav-1	0.216	-	0.742
Stromal Cav-1	< 0.001a	0.578 (0.373-0.895)	0.014a
Tumor size	0.443	-	0.382
Histological type	0.533	-	0.666
Pathological T stage	0.067	-	0.347
Pathological N stage	< 0.001a	-	0.868
TNM	0.025a	-	0.378
Recurrence	< 0.001a	2.065 (1.121-3.803)	< 0.001a
DFS
Age (> 50)	0.165	-	0.218
Gender	0.664	-	0.833
Tumor location	0.061	-	0.325
Tumor cell Cav-1	0.189	-	0.705
Stromal Cav-1	< 0.001a	0.546 (0.353-0.844)	0.006a
Tumor size	0.603	-	0.511
Histological type	0.478	-	0.553
Pathological T stage	0.171	-	0.888
Pathological N stage	0.002a	-	0.510
TNM	0.184	0.451 (0.233-0.874)	0.018a
Recurrence	< 0.001a	1.863 (1.106-2.434)	< 0.001a

^aP < 0.05, univariate analysis vs multivariate analysis. CAV-1: Caveolin-1; TNM: Tumor-node-metastasis; OS: Overall survival; DFS: Disease-free survival.