Clinical impact of multidrug-resistant organisms in liver cirrhosis: A retrospective cohort study in the intensive care setting

Figure 1 Study flow diagram. Of 123 intensive care unit hospitalizations screened, 16 were excluded due to early mortality, non-liver related intensive care unit admission, prior transplantation, advanced hepatocellular carcinoma, or missing swabs at admission. The final cohort included 107 patients, categorized as acute decompensation (n = 20) or acute-on-chronic liver failure (n = 87). AD: Acute decompensation; ACLF: Acute-on-chronic liver failure; ICU: Intensive care unit; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma; SOT: Solid organ transplant.

Figure 2 Distribution of multidrug-resistant organism species in colonization and infection episodes among intensive care unit admissions. Stacked bar shows the proportions of bacterial species in colonization’s episodes (left) and infection episodes (right). MDRO: Multidrug-resistant organism; E. coli: Escherichia coli; ESBL: Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase; OXA-48: Oxacillinase-48; K. pneumoniae: Klebsiella pneumoniae; KPC: Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase; MDR: Multidrug-resistant; VRE: Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp.; MRSA: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Figure 3 Kaplan-Meier curves for 28-day transplant-free survival in intensive care unit patients with cirrhosis, stratified by multidrug-resistant organism status and clinical phenotype. A: 28-day survival of acute-on-chronic liver failure patients without and multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) infection (P = 0.257); B: 28-day survival of acute decompensation patients without and with MDRO infection (P = 0.225); C: 28-day survival of acute-on-chronic liver failure patients without and with MDRO colonization at intensive care unit admission (P = 0.956); D: 28-day survival of acute decompensation patients without and with MDRO colonization at intensive care unit admission (P = 0.542).