Chronic intestinal failure and short bowel syndrome in Crohn’s disease

Figure 1 Four domains of chronic intestinal failure. Disease severity is defined by the content of the supplementation — fluid and electrolytes (FE) only, or admixture containing energy (parenteral nutrition (PN)). Each group is subdivided into four categories of mean daily intravenous supplementation (IVS), with volume calculated as average infusion volume per day × number of infusions per week/7.

Figure 2  Main characteristics of different types of short bowel syndromes according to the anatomical criteria (adapted from Massironi et al[3], 2020).

Figure 3 Underlying diseases of chronic intestinal failure. CIF: Chronic intestinal failure; CIPO: Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction; CVID: Common variable immunodeficiency.