Morphologic and biomechanical changes of rat oesophagus in experimental diabetes

Figure 1 Simplified diagram of biomaterial test machine. 1: Linear stage, 2: Torque transducer, 3: Organ bath, 4: Specimen, 5: Force transducer, 6: Motor for axial rotation, 7: Pressure transducer, 8: Infusion channel, 9: Motor for linear stage, 10: Rails for linear stage, 11: CCD camera, 12: Plastic rod.

Figure 2 Changes of body mass and esophagus morphology and opening angle at zero-stress state in the process of diabetes development. Dunner’s test result: significant difference vs normal control (^aP < 0.05). A: Change of body mass, B: Change of in vivo length, C: Change of mass per unit length, D: Change of opening angle.

Figure 3 Change of elastic shear modulus in the process of diabetes development. A: Change at λ_zz = 1.5 and various transmural pressure, B: Change at P = 1 kPa and various longitudinal stretch ratio.

Figure 4 A: Change of circumferential stress-strain relation in the course of diabetes development at λ_zz = 1. 5 and various transmural pressure. B: Change of longitudinal stress-strain relation in the course of diabetes development at P = 0.25 kPa and various longitudinal stretch ratio.

Figure 5 A: Circumferential stress-strain relation between muscle layer and mucosa layer in the process of inflation at a longitudinal stretch ratio of 1. 5. N: Normal control, D: 28 d of diabetes. B: Longitudinal stress-strain relation between muscle layer and mucosa layer in the process of elongation at a transmural pressure of 0.25 kPa. N: Normal control, D: 28 d of diabetes.