Letter to the Editor: Not one disease - ethnic-specific mutational pathways redefine precision oncology in esophageal cancer

doi:10.3748/wjg.116615

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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1007-9327

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

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Copyright: ©Author(s) 2026. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license. No commercial re-use. See permissions. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.

World J Gastroenterol. Jul 21, 2026; 32(27): 116615
Published online Jul 21, 2026. doi: 10.3748/wjg.116615

Letter to the Editor: Not one disease - ethnic-specific mutational pathways redefine precision oncology in esophageal cancer

Rui-Jie Ming, Hua-Wen Liu

Rui-Jie Ming, Hua-Wen Liu, Department of Oncology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing 404010, China

Author contributions: Ming RJ wrote the original draft; Liu HW contributed to reviewing and editing; Ming RJ and Liu HW participated in drafting the manuscript; both authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript.

Conflict-of-interest statement: All the authors report no relevant conflicts of interest for this article.

Corresponding author: Hua-Wen Liu, MD, Professor, Department of Oncology, Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, No. 165 Xincheng Road, Chongqing 404010, China. liuhuawen@cqu.edu.cn

Received: November 17, 2025
Revised: January 7, 2026
Accepted: February 4, 2026
Published online: July 21, 2026
Processing time: 230 Days and 21.8 Hours

Core Tip

Core Tip: This letter highlights that esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is not a single entity but comprises ethnically distinct molecular subtypes. While Han patients exhibit the apolipoprotein B messenger RNA-editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-related signatures, Kazakh patients show defective mismatch repair. We emphasize a critical paradox: Despite worse historical survival, Kazakh tumors display high tumor mutational burden, suggesting potential sensitivity to immunotherapy. These findings urge the integration of ethnic genomics into clinical trial design to transform therapeutic strategies for underrepresented populations.