Yi-Qing Zhao, Yu Zhang, Yan Qin, Rui-Ya Zhang, Jun-Ping Wang, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030012, Shanxi Province, China
Co-first authors: Yi-Qing Zhao and Yu Zhang.
Author contributions: Wang JP and Zhao YQ designed and coordinated the study; Zhao YQ, Zhang Y, and Qin Y performed the experiments and acquired and analyzed the data; Zhao YQ, Zhang Y, and Zhang RY interpreted the data; Zhao YQ wrote the manuscript; Wang JP revised the manuscript; all authors read and approved the final version of the article.
Supported by the Provincial Key Cultivation Laboratory for Digestive Disease Research, No. 2021SYS13; Shanxi Province’s “Si Ge Yi Pi” Science and Technology Driven Medical Innovation Project, No. 2021MX03; and Shanxi Provincial Basic Research Program, No. 202403021222423.
Institutional review board statement: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital [No. (2024) 569].
Institutional animal care and use committee statement: All animal experiments were conducted according to a protocol approved by Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital Experimental Animal Center [No. SYXK(Jin)2024-0002].
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
ARRIVE guidelines statement: The authors have read the ARRIVE guidelines, and the manuscript was prepared and revised according to the ARRIVE guidelines.
Data sharing statement: The datasets generated and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request at
wangjp8396@sxmu.edu.cn.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See:
https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/ Corresponding author: Jun-Ping Wang, MD, Chief Physician, Department of Gastroenterology, Shanxi Provincial People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanxi Medical University, No. 29 Shuang
tasi Street, Taiyuan 030012, Shanxi Province, China.
wangjp8396@sxmu.edu.cn
Received: September 11, 2025
Revised: November 3, 2025
Accepted: November 18, 2025
Published online: January 14, 2026
Processing time: 124 Days and 2.5 Hours
