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©The Author(s) 2025. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastroenterol. Oct 28, 2025; 31(40): 111409
Published online Oct 28, 2025. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i40.111409
Published online Oct 28, 2025. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v31.i40.111409
Microbiome and gut-liver interactions: From mechanisms to therapies
Muhammad Aarish Anis, Medical College, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi 74800, Sindh, Pakistan
Yumna Shahid, Department of Medicine, Section of Gastroenterology, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi 75500, Sindh, Pakistan
Ammara A Majeed, Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi 74800, Sindh, Pakistan
Shahab Abid, Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi 74800, Sindh, Pakistan
Author contributions: Anis MA contributed to manuscript writing, editing, figures and reviewing; Shahid Y contributed to manuscript design, writing and drafting figures; Majeed AA contributed to manuscript writing and design; Abid S reviewed and designed the manuscript.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Open Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Shahab Abid, MD, Professor, Section of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, P O Box 3500, Karachi 74800, Sindh, Pakistan. shahab.abid@aku.edu
Received: June 30, 2025
Revised: August 5, 2025
Accepted: September 2, 2025
Published online: October 28, 2025
Processing time: 120 Days and 18.4 Hours
Revised: August 5, 2025
Accepted: September 2, 2025
Published online: October 28, 2025
Processing time: 120 Days and 18.4 Hours
Core Tip
Core Tip: The gut-liver axis is emerging as a key player in chronic liver disease pathogenesis and treatment. From alcoholic hepatitis to cholangiopathies like primary biliary cholangitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis, disruptions in the gut microbiota fuel liver inflammation, fibrosis, and immune dysregulation. This review explores how targeting the microbiome through fecal microbiota transplantation, bile acid modulators, and precision medicine can transform liver disease management. With growing evidence supporting microbiome-based interventions, this article offers a compelling look into how restoring gut-liver harmony may shift treatment from symptom control to disease reversal, unlocking the future of personalized hepatology.