Basic Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2016. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastroenterol. Jun 28, 2016; 22(24): 5540-5547
Published online Jun 28, 2016. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i24.5540
Effects of sphincter of Oddi motility on the formation of cholesterol gallstones
Zhong-Hou Rong, Hong-Yuan Chen, Xin-Xing Wang, Zhi-Yi Wang, Guo-Zhe Xian, Bang-Zhen Ma, Cheng-Kun Qin, Zhen-Hai Zhang
Zhong-Hou Rong, Hong-Yuan Chen, Xin-Xing Wang, Zhi-Yi Wang, Guo-Zhe Xian, Bang-Zhen Ma, Cheng-Kun Qin, Zhen-Hai Zhang, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shangdong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, China
Author contributions: Rong ZH and Zhang ZH contributed equally to this work; Zhang ZH, Rong ZH, Xian GZ, and Qin CK designed the research; Rong ZH, Chen HY, Wang XX, Wang ZY, and Ma BZ performed the research; Rong ZH and Zhang ZH analyzed the data; Rong ZH and Zhang ZH wrote the paper.
Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China, No. ZR 2012 HM -079.
Institutional review board statement: The study was reviewed and approved by the Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shangdong University Institutional Review Board.
Institutional animal care and use committee statement: The animal protocol was designed to minimize pain or discomfort to the animals. The animals were acclimatized to laboratory conditions (room temperature 23 °C, 12-h light and dark cycle, 50% humidity, ad libitum access to food and water) for two weeks prior to experimentation. All animals were euthanized by barbiturate overdose (intravenous injection, 150 mg/kg pentobarbital sodium) for tissue collection.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare there is no conflict of interest related to this study.
Data sharing statement: Technical appendix, statistical code, and dataset available from the corresponding author at zhangzhenhai410@126.com. Participants gave informed consent for data sharing.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Zhen-Hai Zhang, PhD, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shangdong University, No. 324 Jingwuweiqi Road, Jinan 250021, Shandong Province, China. zhangzhenhai410@126.com
Telephone: +86-531-68776363 Fax: +86-531-68776363
Received: January 31, 2016
Peer-review started: February 1, 2016
First decision: March 7, 2016
Revised: March 30, 2016
Accepted: April 20, 2016
Article in press: April 20, 2016
Published online: June 28, 2016
Processing time: 141 Days and 23.7 Hours
Core Tip

Core tip: This study investigated the role of sphincter of Oddi (SO) motility in cholesterol gallstone formation in a guinea pig model. The myoelectric activity and manometry of SO were measured at different stages of stone formation. As SO motility is controlled by neurological and hormonal factors, we detected the expression of serum vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), gastrin, cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8), and CCK-A receptor (CCKAR) in the SO at different stages of stone formation. We found that a cholesterol gallstone-causing diet can induce SO dysfunction and expression changes of CCKAR in SO smooth muscle and serum VIP and CCK-8 may be important causes of SO dysfunction.