©The Author(s) 2016. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastroenterol. Mar 21, 2016; 22(11): 3252-3260
Published online Mar 21, 2016. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i11.3252
Published online Mar 21, 2016. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i11.3252
Constipation, hard stools, fecal urgency, and incomplete evacuation, but not diarrhea is associated with diabetes and its related factors
Noriko Ihana-Sugiyama, Ritsuko Yamamoto-Honda, Hiroshi Kajio, Mitsuhiko Noda, Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
Noriko Ihana-Sugiyama, Masafumi Kakei, Division of General Medicine, Jichi Medical University Graduate School of Medicine, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
Naoyoshi Nagata, Eiko Izawa, Junichi Akiyama, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
Ritsuko Yamamoto-Honda, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Toranomon Hospital, Tokyo 105-0001, Japan
Eiko Izawa, Mitsuhiko Noda, Diabetes Research, Diabetes Research Center, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
Takuro Shimbo, Center for Clinical Sciences, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan
Takuro Shimbo, Ohta Nishinouchi Hospital, Fukushima 963-8022, Japan
Masafumi Kakei, First Department of Comprehensive Medicine, Saitama Medical Center, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Saitama 330-0834, Japan
Naomi Uemura, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Kohnodai Hospital, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Chiba 272-8516, Japan
Mitsuhiko Noda, Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Saitama Medical University, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
Author contributions: Ihana-Sugiyama N and Nagata N wrote the manuscript; Nagata N is an equal first author; Nagata N and Noda M designed the study; Ihana-Sugiyama N, Yamamoto-Honda R, Izawa E and Nagata N collected clinical information; Shimbo T advised on statistical analysis; Nagata N and Akiyama J performed endoscopy; Kajio H, Kakei M, Noda M and Uemura N advised on the manuscript content; Nagata N, Akiyama J and Noda M edited the manuscript.
Supported by Health Sciences Research Grants (Comprehensive Research on Life-Style Related Diseases including Cardiovascular Diseases and Diabetes Mellitus No. H25-016) from the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare of Japan, and supported in part by Grants-in-Aid for Research from the National Center for Global Health and Medicine No. 26A-201.
Institutional review board statement: Ethics approval was obtained from the institutional review board of the National Center for Global Health and Medicine in Tokyo, Japan.
Informed consent statement: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Data sharing statement: No additional data are available.
Correspondence to: Naoyoshi Nagata, MD, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, 1-21-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan. nnagata_ncgm@yahoo.co.jp
Telephone: +81-3-32027181
Received: November 9, 2015
Peer-review started: November 10, 2015
First decision: November 27, 2015
Revised: December 12, 2015
Accepted: December 30, 2015
Article in press: December 30, 2015
Published online: March 21, 2016
Processing time: 125 Days and 12.8 Hours
Peer-review started: November 10, 2015
First decision: November 27, 2015
Revised: December 12, 2015
Accepted: December 30, 2015
Article in press: December 30, 2015
Published online: March 21, 2016
Processing time: 125 Days and 12.8 Hours
Core Tip
Core tip: This study determined the bowel symptoms associated with diabetes. Patients underwent colonoscopy and completed a questionnaire on 9 bowel symptoms. Symptoms evaluated on a 7-point Likert scale were compared between baseline and the second questionnaire for test-retest reliability. Constipation and hard stools were associated with diabetes, and fecal urgency and incomplete evacuation were marginally associated with diabetes. These relations remained after excluding organic gastrointestinal diseases. Long-term reliability of symptom score suggested that these symptoms remain consistent over a given period. In diabetes, poor glycemic control, diabetes duration, low BMI, and high creatinine level were associated with these symptoms.