Risk factors for liver disease among adults of Mexican descent in the United States and Mexico

doi:10.3748/wjg.v24.i37.4281

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World Journal of Gastroenterology

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World J Gastroenterol. Oct 7, 2018; 24(37): 4281-4290
Published online Oct 7, 2018. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i37.4281

Risk factors for liver disease among adults of Mexican descent in the United States and Mexico

Yvonne N Flores, Zuo-Feng Zhang, Roshan Bastani, Mei Leng, Catherine M Crespi, Paula Ramírez-Palacios, Heather Stevens, Jorge Salmerón

Yvonne N Flores, Paula Ramírez-Palacios, Jorge Salmerón, Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y en Servicios de Salud, Delegación Morelos, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62000, México

Yvonne N Flores, Roshan Bastani, UCLA Department of Health Policy and Management and Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Equity, Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States

Yvonne N Flores, Roshan Bastani, Catherine M Crespi, UCLA Cancer Prevention and Control Research Center, Fielding School of Public Health and Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States

Zuo-Feng Zhang, UCLA Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States

Mei Leng, UCLA Division of General Internal Medicine and Health Services Research, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States

Catherine M Crespi, UCLA Department of Biostatistics, Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States

Heather Stevens, University of Washington, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, United States

Jorge Salmerón, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Academic Epidemiology Research Unit, Avenida Universidad 3000, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, México

Jorge Salmerón, Centro de Investigación en Salud Poblacional, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62100, México

Author contributions: Flores YN, Zhang ZF, Bastani R, Leng M, Crespi CM, Ramírez-Palacios P, Stevens H, Salmerón J contributed to the study design; statistical analysis; interpretation of the findings; writing the article and approval of the final draft.

Supported by the Programa de Investigació; n en Migracion y Salud (PIMSA), No. 2015-2106; the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), No. 2005/1/I/093; and the Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologí; a (CONACYT), No. 26267M and No. SALUD-2011-01-161930; the NIH, No. UL1TR000124 to Crespi CM, and NIH/NCI No. K07CA197179 to Flores YN.

Institutional review board statement: Approval for both the Health Worker Cohort Study and this bi-national investigation was obtained from the Internal Review Boards of IMSS and UCLA.

Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors declare no potential conflicts of interest relevant to this article.

Data sharing statement: No additional data are available.

STROBE statement: The guidelines of the STROBE Statement have been adopted.

Correspondence to: Yvonne N Flores, PhD, Unidad de Investigación Epidemiológica y en Servicios de Salud, Delegación Morelos, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Blvd. Juárez #31, Colonia Centro, Cuernavaca, Morelos 62000, México. ynflores@ucla.edu

Telephone: +52-777-1001364

Received: June 20, 2018
Peer-review started: June 20, 2018
First decision: July 4, 2018
Revised: August 1, 2018
Accepted: August 24, 2018
Article in press: August 24, 2018
Published online: October 7, 2018
Processing time: 102 Days and 6.7 Hours

ARTICLE HIGHLIGHTS

Research background

United States (US) Latinos have greater morbidity and mortality from liver disease than non-Hispanic whites. Liver disease is the fifth leading cause of death in Mexico. In the US, Mexican-Americans have a greater risk of obesity, diabetes and heavy/binge drinking than in Mexico.

Research motivation

Over 30 million people are likely to have some form of chronic liver disease (CLD) in the US. CLD is the 12^th leading cause of general mortality in the US.

Research objectives

To compare the prevalence of CLD risk factors in a representative sample of Mexican-Americans, born in the US or Mexico, to a sample of adults in Mexico.

Research methods

The main independent variables for this study classified individuals by country of residence and place of birth. Regression analyses were used to investigate CLD risk factors.

Research results

There is a greater risk among US-born vs Mexico-born Mexican-Americans.

Research conclusions

Mexican-Americans in the US had more risk factors for CLD.

Research perspectives

Our findings add to the relatively scarce literature on bi-national research, providing preliminary data for future studies of migrant health in the US and Mexico. Other bi-national primary data collection projects with representative samples and comparable demographic, socioeconomic and health status measures are needed to further investigate the growing problem of CLD among Mexicans in both countries.