Basic Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2016. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
World J Gastroenterol. Nov 7, 2016; 22(41): 9127-9140
Published online Nov 7, 2016. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i41.9127
Esophagogastric anastomosis in rats: Improved healing by BPC 157 and L-arginine, aggravated by L-NAME
Zeljko Djakovic, Ivka Djakovic, Vedran Cesarec, Goran Madzarac, Tomislav Becejac, Goran Zukanovic, Domagoj Drmic, Lovorka Batelja, Anita Zenko Sever, Danijela Kolenc, Alen Pajtak, Nikica Knez, Mladen Japjec, Kresimir Luetic, Dinko Stancic-Rokotov, Sven Seiwerth, Predrag Sikiric
Zeljko Djakovic, Ivka Djakovic, Vedran Cesarec, Goran Madzarac, Tomislav Becejac, Goran Zukanovic, Domagoj Drmic, Lovorka Batelja, Anita Zenko Sever, Danijela Kolenc, Alen Pajtak, Nikica Knez, Mladen Japjec, Kresimir Luetic, Dinko Stancic-Rokotov, Sven Seiwerth, Predrag Sikiric, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Author contributions: Djakovic Z, Djakovic I, Drmic D, Batelja L, Luetic K, Stancic-Rokotov D, Seiwerth S and Sikiric P designed the research; Djakovic Z, Djakovic I, Cesarec V, Madzarac G, Becejac T, Zukanovic G, Drmic D, Batelja L, Zenko Sever A, Kolenc D, Pajtak A, Knez N, Japjec M and Luetic K performed the research; Stancic-Rokotov D, Seiwerth S and Sikiric P contributed reagents and analytic tools; Djakovic Z, Djakovic I, Becejac T, Drmic D, Batelja L, Zenko Sever A, Luetic K, Stancic-Rokotov D, Seiwerth S and Sikiric P analyzed the data; Djakovic Z, Djakovic I, Drmic D, Batelja L, Stancic-Rokotov D, Seiwerth S and Sikiric P wrote the paper.
Supported by Ministry of Science, Education and Sports, Republic of Croatia, No. 108-1083570-3635.
Institutional review board statement: The study was reviewed and approved by the Department of Veterinary, Ministry of Agriculture, Republic of Croatia, No: UP/I 322-01/07-01/210.
Conflict-of-interest statement: The authors state that they have no conflicts of interest.
Data sharing statement: No additional data are available.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Predrag Sikiric, MD, PhD, Professor, Departments of Pharmacology and Pathology Medical Faculty University of Zagreb, Salata 11, POB 916, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia. sikiric@mef.hr
Telephone: +385-1-4566833 Fax: +385-1-4920050
Received: July 1, 2016
Peer-review started: July 2, 2016
First decision: August 8, 2016
Revised: August 28, 2016
Accepted: September 28, 2016
Article in press: September 28, 2016
Published online: November 7, 2016
Processing time: 127 Days and 22.8 Hours
Abstract
AIM

To cure typically life-threatening esophagogastric anastomosis in rats, lacking anastomosis healing and sphincter function rescue, in particular.

METHODS

Because we assume esophagogastric fistulas represent a particular NO-system disability, we attempt to identify the benefits of anti-ulcer stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157, which was in trials for ulcerative colitis and currently for multiple sclerosis, in rats with esophagocutaneous fistulas. Previously, BPC 157 therapies have promoted the healing of intestinal anastomosis and fistulas, and esophagitis and gastric lesions, along with rescued sphincter function. Additionally, BPC 157 particularly interacts with the NO-system. In the 4 d after esophagogastric anastomosis creation, rats received medication (/kg intraperitoneally once daily: BPC 157 (10 μg, 10 ng), L-NAME (5 mg), or L-arginine (100 mg) alone and/or combined or BPC 157 (10 μg, 10 ng) in drinking water). For rats underwent esophagogastric anastomosis, daily assessment included progressive stomach damage (sum of the longest diameters, mm), esophagitis (scored 0-5), weak anastomosis (mL H2O before leak), low pressure in esophagus at anastomosis and in the pyloric sphincter (cm H2O), progressive weight loss (g) and mortality. Immediate effect assessed blood vessels disappearance (scored 0-5) at the stomach surface immediately after anastomosis creation.

RESULTS

BPC 157 (all regimens) fully counteracted the perilous disease course from the very beginning (i.e., with the BPC 157 bath, blood vessels remained present at the gastric surface after anastomosis creation) and eliminated mortality. Additionally, BPC 157 treatment in combination with L-NAME nullified any effect of L-NAME that otherwise intensified the regular course. Consistently, with worsening (with L-NAME administration) and amelioration (with L-arginine), either L-arginine amelioration prevails (attenuated esophageal and gastric lesions) or they counteract each other (L-NAME + L-arginine); with the addition of BPC 157 (L-NAME + L-arginine + BPC 157), there was a marked beneficial effect. BPC 157 treatment for esophagogastric anastomosis, along with NOS-blocker L-NAME and/or NOS substrate L-arginine, demonstrated an innate NO-system disability (as observed with L-arginine effectiveness). BPC 157 distinctively affected corresponding events: worsening (obtained with L-NAME administration that was counteracted); or amelioration (L-arginine + BPC 157-rats correspond to BPC 157-rats).

CONCLUSION

Innate NO-system disability for esophagogastric anastomoses, including L-NAME-worsening, suggests that these effects could be corrected by L-arginine and almost completely eliminated by BPC 157 therapy.

Keywords: Esophagogastric anastomosis; L-NAME; Aggravation; BPC 157; L-arginine; Curative treatment; Rats

Core tip: In rats underwent esophagogastric anastomosis, BPC 157 (given intraperitoneally or in drinking water) fully counteracted an otherwise serious disease course since very beginning (i.e., with BPC 157 bath blood vessels remained present at the gastric surface after anastomosis creation) and eliminated mortality. Additionally, BPC 157 treatment, along with L-NAME, nullified any effect of L-NAME that otherwise intensified the regular course. Consistently, with worsening (with L-NAME administration) and amelioration (with L-arginine), either L-arginine-amelioration prevails (i.e., esophageal and gastric lesions are attenuated) or they counteract each other (L-NAME + L-arginine), an effect which is further reversed toward a marked beneficial effect with the addition of BPC 157 (L-NAME + L-arginine + BPC 157).