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©The Author(s) 2015. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.
Prevalence of human papillomavirus in esophageal carcinoma in Tangshan, China
Mohammadreza Mohammadzad Mehryar, Shu-Ying Li, Hong-Wei Liu, Fan Li, Fang Zhang, Yu-Bai Zhou, Yi Zeng, Jin-Tao Li
Mohammadreza Mohammadzad Mehryar, Fan Li, Fang Zhang, Yu-Bai Zhou, Yi Zeng, Jin-Tao Li, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, College of Life Science and Bio-Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
Mohammadreza Mohammadzad Mehryar, Fan Li, Fang Zhang, Yu-Bai Zhou, Yi Zeng, Jin-Tao Li, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chendu 610041, Sichuan Province, China
Shu-Ying Li, Department of Pathogenic Biology, College of Basic Medicine, Hebei United University, Tangshan 063000, Hebei Province, China
Hong-Wei Liu, Key Laboratory of Southwest China Wildlife Resources Conservation, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, China West Normal University, Nanchong 637000, Sichuan Province, China
Yi Zeng, Jin-Tao Li, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, and State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing 100052, China
Author contributions: Li JT and Zeng Y designed the study; Mehryar MM and Li SY performed the majority of the experiments and contributed equally to this work; Liu HW, Li F and Zhang F performed the research; Zhou YB analyzed the data and wrote the paper.
Supported by Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, No. 2011SKLID103; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, College of Life Science and Bio-Engineering, Beijing University of Technology (Grant sponsor: State 863 projects, No. 2012AA02A404, No. 2014ZX10005002 and No. PXM2014_014204_07_000046).
Ethics approval: Approval Letter of Ethics Committee of Hebei United University
Conflict-of-interest: The authors report no conflict of interest.
Data sharing: No additional data are available.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article which was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Correspondence to: Jin-Tao Li, PhD, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, College of Life Science and Bio-Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, No. 100 Pingleyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100124, China.
ljt2000593@163.com
Telephone: +86-1067392780 Fax: +86-1067392780
Received: May 8, 2014
Peer-review started: May 9, 2014
First decision: June 10, 2014
Revised: June 27, 2014
Accepted: October 15, 2014
Article in press: October 15, 2014
Published online: March 14, 2015
Processing time: 311 Days and 23.2 Hours
AIM: To study the prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in esophageal carcinoma in Tangshan, China, a high-incidence area.
METHODS: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue specimens from 198 patients who were pathologically diagnosed with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma from 2011 to 2013 were obtained from a pathology department in Tangshan. DNA was extracted from all 198 specimens to detect HPV by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). β-globin PCR was performed to check the quality of the DNA extraction procedure. PCR was performed to detect a wide range of HPV types, and type-specific PCR was performed to detect HPV types 16 and 18. Negative and positive controls were used for HPV 16 and 18 detection.
RESULTS: The DNA extraction method in this study appeared to be more effective than other previously reported methods. After DNA extraction, more than 98% of the tissue specimens had an acceptable result in the DNA qualification test (β-globin PCR). The overall prevalence of HPV in tumor tissues by GP6+/GP5+ PCR was 79.79%, and the prevalence of HPV types 16 and 18 was 40.40% and 47.47%, respectively. PCR demonstrated the presence of HPV, and direct sequencing confirmed the HPV genotypes. All HPV-positive PCR products were checked by DNA sequence analysis using DNAman and compared with the known HPV sequences listed in the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool database to evaluate the HPV types. This analysis confirmed the presence of HPV types 16 and 18.
CONCLUSION: DNA of high-risk HPV types 16 and 18 is present in esophageal tumors, implicating HPV as a possible etiologic factor for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Core tip: China is considered to have a high incidence of esophageal cancer. Many etiologic factors for esophageal cancer have been described; in China, human papillomavirus (HPV) infection could be an important cause of esophageal cancer. Tangshan in Hebei, China has a high incidence of esophageal cancer. However, no large-sample analyses of the prevalence of HPV in this area have been performed. We analyzed the prevalence and types of HPV in 198 esophageal cancer specimens in this area of China. These findings have important significance for analysis of the various causes of local esophageal cancer.
