Current trends of artificial intelligence in cancer imaging

Core Tip

Core Tip: Advanced computational systems and availability of multi-dimensional data have led the possibility of artificial intelligence (AI) consisting of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) algorithms to be implemented in healthcare data analysis, with reliable results in the oncology field and particularly in diagnostic imaging tasks. Supervised algorithms are the most common ML models used in medical image analysis, while convolutional neural networks are the main DL approach. AI-based models have demonstrated outperforming results in oncological risk assessment, lesion detection, segmentation, characterization, staging, and therapy response. Growing emerging evidence supports the leading role of AI in all cancer imaging pathways from screening programs to diagnostic and prognostic tasks, boosting the paradigm of precision medicine.