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Meta-Analysis
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2025.
World J Meta-Anal. Dec 18, 2025; 13(4): 108681
Published online Dec 18, 2025. doi: 10.13105/wjma.v13.i4.108681
Table 1 Risk of bias summary: Review authors' judgments about each risk of bias item for each included study
Ref.
Random sequence generation (selection bias)
Allocation concealment (selection bias)
Blinding (performance bias & detection bias): All outcomes
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias): All outcomes
Selective reporting
Other bias
D'Haens et al[37], 2012?+++++
Dignass et al[38], 2009?+-+++
Hawthorne et al[32], 2012??-?++
Ito et al[48], 2010++++++
Kamm et al[39], 2008?+-+++
Kane et al[43], 2008 ++-+++
Kruis et al[40], 2009++++++
Paoluzi et al[34], 2005??++++
Park et al[45], 2016 ++?+++
Pica et al[35], 2015 ??-???
Prantera et al[47], 2009++++++
Sandborn et al[41], 2010?+-+++
Suzuki et al[46], 2017++++++
Watanabe et al[36], 2013??++?+