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World J Meta-Anal. Dec 28, 2021; 9(6): 543-556
Published online Dec 28, 2021. doi: 10.13105/wjma.v9.i6.543
Prediabetes and cardiovascular complications study: Highlights on gestational diabetes, self-management and primary health care
Ezekiel Uba Nwose, Phillip Taderera Bwititi, Otovwe Agofure, Echinei Jacob Oshionwu, Ekenechukwu Esther Young, Eferhire Aganbi, Solomon Ekwuweokwuenu Egwenu, Helen Egoyibo Chime, Fortunatus Darius Gbeinbo, Alex Odufu, John Nwakaego Okuzor, Azuka Okuleye, Kennedy Aninze, Innocent Chuks Onyia, Euzebus Chinonye Ezugwu, Eunice Obiajuru Igumbor, Ifeoma Isabel Ulasi
Ezekiel Uba Nwose, Otovwe Agofure, Solomon Ekwuweokwuenu Egwenu, Helen Egoyibo Chime, Fortunatus Darius Gbeinbo, Eunice Obiajuru Igumbor, Department of Public and Community Health, Novena University, Kwale 322107, Nigeria
Ezekiel Uba Nwose, Phillip Taderera Bwititi, School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga campus, New South Wales 2650, Australia
Ezekiel Uba Nwose, Echinei Jacob Oshionwu, Alex Odufu, John Nwakaego Okuzor, Azuka Okuleye, Kennedy Aninze, Innocent Chuks Onyia, Global Medical Research and Development Organization (GMRDO) group, Abbi Delta State 322107, Nigeria
Echinei Jacob Oshionwu, California Department of State Hospital, Stockton, CA 95215, United States
Ekenechukwu Esther Young, Euzebus Chinonye Ezugwu, Ifeoma Isabel Ulasi, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria, Ituku-Ozalla campus, Enugu 402109, Nigeria
Eferhire Aganbi, Biochemistry Department, Delta State University, Abraka 330105, Nigeria
John Nwakaego Okuzor, Department of Clinical Laboratory Services, Texas Health (HMH HEB), Bedford, TX 76022, United States
Kennedy Aninze, Clinic Department, Donak Hospital, Kwale 2539083, Nigeria
Innocent Chuks Onyia, Clinic Department, U-Turn Hospital, U-Turn Abule Egba 100276, Nigeria
Author contributions: Nwose EU and Bwititi PT conceptualized the research program; Oshionwu EJ, Young EE, Igumbor EO and Ulasi II reviewed different components of the studies’ designs and supervised clinical field work, including ethics; Agofure O, Aganbi E, Egwenu SE, Chime HE, Gbeinbo FD, Aninze K and Onyia IC collected data as well as reviewed the first draft of the manuscript; Odufu A, Okuzor JN, Okuleye A and Ezugwu EC were involved in discussions throughout the study and made intellectual contributions to the study performance; Nwose EU, Bwititi PT and Agofure O drafted the manuscript; All authors revised the manuscript and approved the final version for submission.
Supported by Bringing Research in Diabetes to Global Environments and Systems (BRIDGES2) program.
Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors have no conflict-of-interest to declare.
Open-Access: This article is an open-access article that was selected by an in-house editor and fully peer-reviewed by external reviewers. It is distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution NonCommercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: https://creativecommons.org/Licenses/by-nc/4.0/
Corresponding author: Ezekiel Uba Nwose, PhD, Professor, Department of Public and Community Health, Novena University, PMB 2, Kwale 322107, Nigeria. nwoseeu@hotmail.com
Received: January 28, 2021
Peer-review started: January 28, 2021
First decision: May 3, 2021
Revised: May 21, 2021
Accepted: November 28, 2021
Article in press: November 28, 2021
Published online: December 28, 2021
Processing time: 333 Days and 24 Hours
Core Tip

Core Tip: There is a gap between knowledge and practice among stakeholders in diabetes management. Behavioural change wheel issues on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and primary health care (PHC) services need concerted focus. The necessity for GDM selective screening is recognized. ‘Risk assessment and screening sheet’ needs to be employed in clinical practice. Stakeholders including individuals living with diabetes, community leadership, policy makers and health care provision staff need enlightenment to deliberately use PHC centres for diabetes management. PHC centres have a central-hub role in community health. Medical records need to include patients’ phone numbers to maximize potential for follow-up and telehealth.