Chinese Association for the Study of Pain: Expert consensus on diagnosis and treatment for lumbar disc herniation

Table 1 Clinical manifestations of different lumbar disc herniation segments[13] (recommendation level B, evidence level 2a)

Protruding segment	Affected nerve	Pain area	Superficial hypoesthesia	Muscle strength decline	Hyporeflexia
L1-4, L4-5 lateral	L4	Lower waist, buttocks, anterolateral thighs, medial calves	Anterolateral thigh, knee joint, medial leg	Quadriceps dorsal extensor	Knee jerk
L4-5, L5-S1 lateral	L5	Sacroiliac, buttocks, lateral thighs, lateral calves, dorsal feet	Lateral leg, dorsal foot, great toe (hallux)	First toe back extension, foot back extension	No
L5-S1	S1	Sacroiliac, waist, buttocks, posterolateral thigh, posterolateral calf, posterolateral foot	Back of calf, lateral ankle, outside of foot	First toe plantar flexion, toe flexion	Ankle reflex