Healthy individuals vs patients with bipolar or unipolar depression in gray matter volume

Table 1 Demographic and clinical data of the subjects

	BD (n = 13)	UD (n = 20)	Controls (n = 20)	P value
Age (yr)	31.0 ± 7.6	28.0 ± 9.1	31.7 ± 11.4	0.698
Gender (male/female)	6/7	7/13	10/10	0.616
Education (yr)	11.7 ± 4.0	10.6 ± 3.5	13.1 ± 3.9	0.083
First-episode age (yr)	22.0 ± 8.0	23.3 ± 8.4	--	0.442
Diseasecourse (mo)	108.0 ± 55.0	56.4 ± 29.4	--	0.064
HDRS score	24.8 ± 5.6	26.5 ± 7.1	--	0.572

BD: Bipolar depression; UD: Unipolar depression; HDRS: Hamilton Depression scale.

Table 2 Distribution of brain regions with larger/smaller gray matter volume in the bipolar depression group in comparison with the control group

MNI coordinate
Brain region	Size	X	Y	Z	Ta
Right inferior temporal gyrus	607	28.5	-22.5	-39	-3.95
Right middle occipital gyrus	110	51	70.5	-13.5	-2.94
Right superior parietal gyrus	152	33	-60	55.5	-3.84
Left middle temporal gyrus	795	-49.5	-24	-1.5	-4.76
Right cerebellum	174	22.5	-34.5	-42	3.49
Left superior frontal gyrus	101	33	49.5	-3	2.99
Midbrain	803	-7.5	-27	-19.5	3.61

^aP < 0.05 and voxel threshold > 100 voxels after false discovery rate correction.

MNI: Montreal Neurological Institute.

Table 3 Distribution of brain regions with larger/smaller gray matter volume in the unipolar depression group in comparison with the control group

MNI coordinate
Brain region	Size	X	Y	Z	Ta
Right fusiform gyrus	889	33	3	-52.5	-3.45
Right posterior cerebellar lobe	138	49.5	-66	-46.5	-2.87
Right inferior temporal gyrus	449	45	-21	-30	-2.74
Right superior temporal gyrus	262	25.5	12	-37.5	-2.74
Left inferior occipital gyrus	537	-43.5	-82.5	-15	-3.72
Left paracentral lobule	126	-6	-31.5	58.5	-3.45
Left medial frontal gyrus	216	-19.5	7.5	43.5	3.39
Left postcentral gyrus	113	-61.5	-28.5	45	3.10

^aP < 0.05 after false discovery rate correction.

MNI: Montreal Neurological Institute.

Table 4 Gray matter volumes in brain regions of the unipolar depression group in comparison with the bipolar depression group

Brain region	UD (mm3)	BD (mm3)	P value
Superior frontal gyrus, orbital part	963 × 8	958 × 8	> 0.05
Middle frontal gyrus	3294 × 8	3301 × 8	> 0.05
Insula	1770 × 8	1761 × 8	> 0.05
Cuneus	1488 × 8	1495 × 8	> 0.05
Amygdala	114 × 8	109 × 8	> 0.05
Thalamus	1667 × 8	1678 × 8	> 0.05
Caudate	994 × 8	989 × 8	> 0.05
Supramarginal gyrus	1973 × 8	1981 × 8	> 0.05

BD: Bipolar depression; UD: Unipolar depression.