Nomogram based on inflammation-related markers for predicting survival of patients undergoing hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma

Table 1 Demographic and clinicopathological characteristics of the patients

	Training cohort (n = 410)		Validation cohort (n = 216)		P value
	n	%	n	%
Age, yr
< 50	101	24.6	47	21.8	0.421
≥ 50	309	75.4	169	78.2
Sex
Male	327	79.8	168	77.8	0.563
Female	83	20.2	48	22.2
Smoking
No	116	28.3	67	31.0	0.476
Yes	294	71.7	149	69.0
Drinking
No	196	47.8	91	42.1	0.176
Yes	214	52.2	125	57.9
ALBI grade
1	221	53.9	121	56.0	0.998
2 and 3	189	46.1	95	44.0
HBsAg
Negative	115	28.0	56	25.9	0.571
Positive	295	72.0	160	74.1
Tumour location
Left	88	28.8	42	28.2	0.335
Right	184	60.1	85	57.0
Others	34	11.1	22	14.8
Tumour size, cm
< 5	157	42.1	94	45.2	0.469
≥ 5	216	57.9	114	54.8
Grade
Well differentiated	78	24.9	49	24.0	0.050
Moderately differentiated	193	61.7	141	69.1
Poorly differentiated	42	13.4	14	6.9
MVI
No	282	73.2	142	71.0	0.564
Yes	103	26.8	58	29.0
AFP, μg/L
< 400	270	69.1	145	72.9	0.338
≥ 400	121	30.9	54	27.1
NLR
Low	201	49.9	117	54.4	0.282
High	202	50.1	98	45.6
PLR
Low	202	50.0	117	54.4	0.295
High	202	50.0	98	45.6

ALBI: Albumin–bilirubin; HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen; MVI: Microvascular invasion; AFP: α-fetoprotein; NLR: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; PLR: Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio.

Table 2 Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses in the training cohort

	Univariate Model				Multivariate Model
	HR	95%CI		P value	HR	95%CI		P value
Age, yr
< 50	Ref.
≥ 50	0.837	0.642	1.090	0.187
Sex
Male	Ref.
Female	1.065	0.809	1.401	0.655
Smoking
No	Ref.
Yes	0.959	0.748	1.230	0.741
Drinking
No	Ref.
Yes	0.986	0.787	1.234	0.900
ALBI Grade
1	Ref.
2 and 3	1.032	0.821	1.290	0.820
HBsAg
Negative	Ref.
Positive	1.063	0.833	1.365	0.639
Tumour location
Left	Ref.
Right	1.263	0.942	1.693	0.119
Others	1.359	0.855	2.159	0.195
Tumour size, cm
< 5	Ref.
≥ 5	1.595	1.255	2.027	< 0.001	1.323	1.002	1.747	0.048
Grade
Well differentiated	Ref.				Ref.
Moderately differentiated	1.421	1.031	1.959	0.032	1.752	1.246	2.463	0.001
Poorly differentiated	1.669	1.047	2.661	0.031	3.207	1.944	5.290	< 0.001
MVI
No	Ref.
Yes	1.171	0.905	1.515	0.230
AFP, μg/L
< 400	Ref.
≥ 400	1.757	1.347	2.293	< 0.001	1.812	1.343	2.444	< 0.001
NLR
Low	Ref.
High	2.744	2.152	3.498	< 0.001	2.480	1.856	3.312	< 0.001
PLR
Low	Ref.
High	2.212	1.748	2.800	< 0.001	1.974	1.490	2.616	< 0.001

ALBI: Albumin–bilirubin; CI: Confidence interval; HBsAg: Hepatitis B surface antigen; HR: Hazard ratio; MVI: Microvascular invasion; AFP: α-fetoprotein; NLR: Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; PLR: Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio.