Comparative study for predictability of type 1 gastric variceal rebleeding after endoscopic variceal ligation: High-frequency intraluminal ultrasound study

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients (n = 26) initially enrolled

Characteristic
Age (yr)	52.7 ± 10.5
Sex (M/F)	22/4
Alcohol/nonalcoholic	6/20
Child-Pugh score 5/6/7/8/9	3/3/8/7/5
MELD score	12.8 ± 3.8
Hepatocellular carcinoma	0 (0%)
Serum albumin (gm/dL)	3.2 ± 0.5
Serum bilirubin (mg/dL)	2.2 ± 1.3
Prothrombin time (INR)	1.4 ± 0.2
Serum creatinine	1.1 ± 0.2
Presence of ascites	12 (46.2%)
Presence of hepatic encephalopathy	1 (3.8%)
Platelet count (K/mm3)	88.1 ± 39.8
Hemoglobin (g/dL)	7.8 ± 2.2
Blood transfused (units)	3.0 ± 1.5

Data are expressed as the mean ± SD. M: Male; F: Female; MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease; INR: International normalized ratio.

Table 2 Predictable factors of rebleeding in patients (n = 17) at the 1-yr follow-up

	Rebleeding (+)	Rebleeding (-)	P value
Age (yr)	55.5 ± 11.8	51.9 ± 10.7	0.533
Sex (M/F)	5/9	1/2	0.728
Alcohol/nonalcoholic	2/2	4/9	0.445
Child-Pugh classification A/B	1/3	5/8	0.555
MELD score	12.8 ± 2.6	13.4 ± 3.1	0.725

M: Male; F: Female; MELD: Model for end-stage liver disease.

Table 3 Comparison of high-frequency intraluminal ultrasound and esophagogastroduodenoscopy for variceal rebleeding

Endoscopic modality		GOV1, n = 17 (100%)
		Rebleeding (+), n = 6 (35%)	Rebleeding (–), n = 11 (65%)	P value
HFIUS	≥ CSA cutoff value1	5 (29)	2 (12)	0.02
	< CSA cutoff value1	1 (6)	9 (53)
EGD	Grade 1 with RCS	2 (12)	2 (12)	0.58
	Grade 0 or 1 without RCS	4 (24)	9 (53)

¹The cutoff value for the largest cross-sectional area was 17.2 mm². With these cutoff values, the sensitivity and specificity were 83% and 82%, respectively, for post-endoscopic variceal ligation type 1 gastric varices bleeding. The receiver operating characteristic curve had an area below the curve of 0.83 ± 0.10, which was statistically significant (P = 0.03).

CSA: Cross-sectional area; EGD: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy; GOV1: Type 1 gastric varices; HFIUS: High-frequency intraluminal ultrasound; Red color signs.