Resection of bilateral occipital lobe lesions during a single operation as a treatment for bilateral occipital lobe epilepsy

Table 1 Baseline clinical characteristics of the 20 patients treated surgically for bilateral occipital lobe epilepsy

Clinical characteristic	Value
Gender, n (%)
Male	12 (60.0)
Female	8 (40.0)
Age (yr), median (range)	12 (4-30)
Age at disease onset (yr), median (range)	5 (1-11)
Frequency of epilepsy (episodes per mo), median (range)	15 (4-270)
Time since disease onset (yr), median (range)	8 (3-20)
Pathology, n (%)
Inflammation	6 (30.0)
Cortical dysplasia	5 (25.0)
Dysplasia	3 (15.0)
Nodular sclerosis	2 (10.0)
Vascular malformation	2 (10.0)
Multiple nodular sclerosis	1 (5.0)
Lobe atrophy	1 (5.0)
Clinical manifestations, n (%)
Elementary visual hallucinations	13 (65.0)
Flashing lights	6 (30.0)
Blurred vision	4 (20.0)
Field defect	4 (20.0)
Blindness	3 (15.0)
Visual illusion	3 (15.0)
Blinking	2 (10.0)
Sensation of eye movement	1 (5.0)
Deja vu	1 (5.0)
Dizziness	1 (5.0)
Nausea	0 (0.0)
Fear	0 (0.0)
Epigastric rising sensation	0 (0.0)

Table 2 Surgical outcomes assessed using the Engel classification

Follow-up time point and outcome	n (%)
Postoperative period
Engel grade I	18 (90.0)
Engel grade II	1 (5.0)
Engel grade III	1 (5.0)
1 yr
Engel grade I	18 (90.0)
Engel grade II	1 (5.0)
Engel grade III	1 (5.0)
3 yr
Engel grade I	17 (85.0)
Engel grade II	2 (10.0)
Engel grade III	1 (5.0)
5 yr or more
Engel grade I	17 (85.0)
Engel grade II	2 (10.0)
Engel grade III	1 (5.0)

Table 3 Visual field changes after surgery

Parameter	n (%)
Visual field before surgery
Normal	9 (45.0)
Quadrantanopia	2 (10.0)
Hemianopsia	0 (0.0)
Other types of defect	9 (45.0)
Visual field change after surgery
Normal to normal	6 (30.0)
Normal to defect	3 (15.0)
Worsening of defect	4 (20.0)
No change in defect	7 (35.0)