High-resolution computed tomography findings independently predict epidermal growth factor receptor mutation status in ground-glass nodular lung adenocarcinoma

Table 1 Baseline and clinical characteristics

	Mutant EGFR group (n = 31)	Wild-type group (n = 67)	P value
Age (yr)	66.6 ± 14.2	62.7 ± 15.6	0.221
< 60	13 (41.9%)	37 (55.2%)
≥ 60	18 (58.1%)	30 (44.8%)
Male	12 (38.7%)	30 (44.8%)	0.573
Smoking history	8 (25.8%)	24 (35.8%)	0.326
Nodule property			0.372
Pure GGNs	7 (22.6%)	21 (31.3%)
Partial solid nodules	24 (77.4%)	46 (68.7%)
Histopathologic diagnosis			0.723
Preinvasive lesions (AAH + AIS)	5 (16.1%)	9 (13.4%)
Invasive lesions (MIA + IPA)	26 (83.9%)	58 (86.6%)
Position of the nodule			0.471
Right upper lobe	10 (32.3%)	27 (40.3%)
Right middle lobe	4 (12.9%)	8 (11.9%)
Right lower lobe	6 (19.4%)	9 (13.4%)
Left upper lobe	5 (16.1%)	17 (25.4%)
Left lower lobe	6 (19.4%)	6 (9.0%)
Time between CT scan and surgery (days)	7.0 (4.5, 13.5)	8.0 (6.0, 13.0)	0.545

EGFR: Epidermal growth factor receptor; GGN: Ground-glass nodule; AAH: atypical adenomatoid hyperplasia; AIS: adenocarcinoma in situ; MIA: minimally invasive adenocarcinoma; IPA: invasive pulmonary adenocarcinoma.

Table 2 High-resolution computerized tomography signs

HRCT findings	Mutant EGFR group (n = 31)	Wild-type group (n = 67)	P value
Nodule size (mm)	17.19 ± 6.79	14.37 ± 6.30	0.047a
Pure GGNs
Nodule size (mm)	12.79 ± 5.24	9.24 ± 3.26	0.042a
Partial solid nodules
Nodule size (mm)	18.63 ± 6.47	16.68 ± 6.05	0.216
Proportion of ground-glass component (%)	56.10 ± 24.01	51.05 ± 28.13	0.457
Nodule morphology			0.137
Round-like/ovoid	14 (45.2%)	41 (61.2%)
Irregular	17 (54.8%)	26 (38.8%)
Spicules on the edge of the nodule	20 (64.5%)	34 (50.7%)	0.202
Lobules on the border of the nodule	29 (93.5%)	61 (91.0%)	1.000
Vacuole/honeycomb sign	25 (80.6%)	36 (53.7%)	0.011a
Pleural indentation	20 (64.5%)	33 (49.3%)	0.159
Relationship with bronchus/bronchovascular bundles			0.613
Bronchus truncated in the nodule	1 (3.2%)	6 (9.0%)
Bronchus continuous in the nodule, with dilation or twisted appearance	11 (35.5%)	20 (29.9%)
Bronchus continuous in the nodule, without dilation or twisted appearance	7 (22.6%)	11 (16.4%)
Bronchus not associated with ground-glass shadows	12 (38.7%)	30 (44.8%)
Relationship with blood vessels			0.488
Blood vessels closely packed around the nodule with adherent-like pattern	0 (0.0%)	3 (4.5%)
Blood vessels closely packed within the nodule	20 (64.5%)	41 (61.2%)
Vascular clustering around the nodule	11 (35.5%)	23 (34.3%)

^aP < 0.05 is statistically significant.

HRCT: high-resolution computerized tomography; EGFR: Epidermal growth factor receptor; GGN: ground-glass nodule.

Table 3 Logistic regression analysis for the presence of epidermal growth factor receptor mutations

Variables	OR	95%CI	P value
Nodule size	1.068	1.000-1.141	0.049a
Nodule size + vacuole/honeycomb sign	1.120	1.023-1.227	0.014a

^aP < 0.05 is statistically significant.

Table 4 Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the models

Model	AUC	SE	95%CI	P value
Nodule size	0.625	0.061	0.504–0.745	0.048a
Nodule size + vacuole/honeycomb sign	0.698	0.055	0.589–0.806	0.002a

^aP < 0.05 is statistically significant.

ROC: receiver operating characteristic; AUC: area under the curve; SE: standard error; CI: confidence interval.