Short-term effect and long-term prognosis of neuroendoscopic minimally invasive surgery for hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage

Table 1 Comparison of general information between two groups

Groups	n	Male/female	Age (yr)	Hypertension duration (yr)	Volume of hematoma (mL)	GCS score (point)	Hemorrhage location
							Basal ganglia	Thalamus	Lobe
Control group	59	33/26	57.63 ± 9.32	11.25 ± 2.05	51.85 ± 12.69	9.12 ± 2.32	43 (72.88)	9 (15.25)	7 (11.86)
Observation group	59	35/24	56.86 ± 11.04	11.31 ± 1.97	52.14 ± 12.17	9.05 ± 2.41	41 (69.49)	10 (16.95)	8 (13.56)
χ2/t		0.139	0.409	0.162	0.127	0.161	0.167
P value		0.709	0.683	0.872	0.899	0.873	0.920

Table 2 Comparison of surgical related indicators between two groups (mean ± SD)

Groups	Cases	Operation time (min)	Volume of hemorrhage with introperative (mL)	Hematoma clearance rate (%)
				48 h after surgery	72 h after surgery
Control group	59	42.55 ± 9.14	22.36 ± 3.85	72.56 ± 7.02	89.35 ± 5.61
Observation group	59	105.26 ± 28.35	45.36 ± 10.17	88.58 ± 4.69	94.47 ± 4.02
t		16.171	16.246	14.575	5.698
P value		0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000

Table 3 Comparison of cell factors between two groups (mean ± SD)

Groups	Cases	TNF-α (µg/L)		IL-6 (ng/L)		IL-10 (ng/L)		SP (pg/mL)
		Before surgery	14 d after surgery	Before surgery	14 d after surgery	Before surgery	14 d after surgery	Before surgery	14 d after surgery
Control group	59	65.38 ± 8.52	46.32 ± 4.11a	57.25 ± 7.14	20.03 ± 4.36a	11.24 ± 3.23	3.85 ± 0.54a	13.55 ± 4.05	21.14 ± 4.58a
Observation group	59	64.96 ± 7.86	40.25 ± 3.71a	58.02 ± 7.63	14.88 ± 3.14a	11.08 ± 3.39	2.41 ± 0.27a	13.61 ± 3.82	27.81 ± 4.21a
t		0.278	8.421	0.566	7.362	0.262	18.321	0.083	8.236
P value		0.781	0.000	0.572	0.000	0.793	0.000	0.934	0.000

^aP < 0.05, compared between groups before surgery. TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α; IL: Interleukin; SP: Serum P substances.

Table 4 Comparison of National Hospital Stroke Scale score and Barthel index between two groups (mean ± SD point)

Groups	Cases	NIHSS score		Barthel index
		Before surgery	14 d after surgery	Before surgery	14 d after surgery
Control group	59	19.25 ± 4.77	8.12 ± 2.03a	15.36 ± 4.74	54.15 ± 5.33a
Observation group	59	18.98 ± 5.02	6.98 ± 1.24a	15.42 ± 5.02	66.05 ± 6.17a
t		0.299	3.681	0.067	11.211
P value		0.765	0.000	0.947	0.000

^aP < 0.05, compared between groups before surgery. NIHSS: National Hospital Stroke Scale.

Table 5 Comparison of incidence of complications in hospital between two groups, n (%)

Groups	Cases	Intracranial infection	Pulmonary infection	Recurrent postoperative hemorrhage	Total
Control group	59	3 (5.08)	2 (3.39)	2 (3.39)	7 (11.86)
Observation group	59	1 (1.69)	1 (1.69)	1 (1.69)	3 (5.08)
χ2					1.748
P value					0.186

Table 6 Comparison of prognosis within 6 mo between two groups, n (%)

Groups	Cases	Class Ⅴ	Class Ⅳ	Class Ⅲ	Class Ⅱ	Good prognosis rate
Control group	59	9 (15.25)	33 (55.93)	12 (20.34)	5 (8.47)	42 (71.19)
Observation group	59	16 (27.12)	35 (59.32)	6 (10.17)	2 (3.39)	51 (86.44)
χ2						4.111
P value						0.043