Accuracy of ultrasonography in diagnosis of fetal central nervous system malformation

Table 1 Comparison of image quality scores between two-dimensional ultrasonography and three-dimensional ultrasonography (mean ± SD, points)

Group	Number	Sulcus, fissure, and gyrus display	Choroid plexus ependymal display	Blood flow display	Tissue specificity	Resolution	Visual field	Positioning
Two-dimensional ultrasonography	113	2.53 ± 0.34	2.49 ± 0.23	2.38 ± 0.30	2.44 ± 0.25	2.59 ± 0.18	2.63 ± 0.21	2.85 ± 0.12
Three-dimensional ultrasonography	113	1.97 ± 0.30	2.12 ± 0.25	1.98 ± 0.26	2.03 ± 0.20	2.31 ± 0.22	2.25 ± 0.19	2.61 ± 0.14
t		13.129	11.578	10.711	13.613	10.471	14.264	13.836
P value		0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000	0.000

Table 2 Analysis of diagnoses by two-dimensional ultrasonography and three-dimensional ultrasonography

Inspection mode		Results of pathological examination		Total
		+	-
Two-dimensional ultrasonography examination	+	51	8	59
	-	28	26	54
Three-dimensional ultrasonography examination	+	73	4	77
	-	6	30	36
	Total	79	34	113

Table 3 Diagnostic performance of two-dimensional ultrasonography and three-dimensional ultrasonography diagnosis

Diagnostic mode	Diagnostic sensitivity	Diagnostic specificity	Diagnostic accuracy
Two-dimensional ultrasonography examination	64.56% (51/79)	76.47% (26/34)	68.14% (77/113)
Three-dimensional ultrasonography examination	92.41% (73/79)	88.24% (30/34)	91.15% (103/113)
χ2	18.139	1.619	18.451
P value	0.000	0.203	0.000

Table 4 Analysis of different types of central nervous system malformations detected by two-dimensional and three-dimensional ultrasonography

Diagnostic mode	Brain perforation malformation	Abnormality of corpus callosum	Meningoencephalocele	Choroidal cyst	Exposed brain malformation	Galen venous hemangioma	Arachnoid cyst	Spina bifida	Hydrocephalus
Two-dimensional ultrasonography examination	50.00% (2/4)	50.00% (2/4)	60.00% (3/5)	57.14% (4/7)	77.78% (7/9)	72.73% (8/11)	58.33% (7/12)	61.54% (8/13)	71.43% (10/14)
Three-dimensional ultrasonography examination	100.00% (4/4)	75.00% (3/4)	100.00% (5/5)	85.71% (6/7)	88.89% (8/9)	100.00% (11/11)	91.67% (11/12)	92.31% (12/13)	92.86% (13/14)
χ2	2.667	0.533	2.500	1.400	0.400	3.474	3.556	3.467	2.191
P value	0.102	0.465	0.114	0.237	0.527	0.062	0.059	0.063	0.139