Outcomes of high-grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients treated with coiling and ventricular intracranial pressure monitoring

Table 1 Demographics and clinical features of high-grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients

Variables	Overall (n = 36)	Favorable outcome	Poor outcome
		(mRS 0-3) (n = 18)	(mRS 4-6) (n = 18)	P value
Age in yr	56.83 ± 11.13	54.94 ± 10.52	58.72 ± 11.69	0.315
Gender, male	14 (38.90)	9	5	0.305
Clinical feature
WFNS grade				1.000
Ⅳ	9 (25.00)	4	5
Ⅴ	27 (75.00)	14	13
GCS				0.913
9-12	4 (11.10)	2	2
6-8	7 (19.40)	3	4
3-5	25 (69.40)	13	12
mFisher grade				0.234
1	1 (2.80)	0	1
2	1 (2.80)	1	0
3	10 (27.80)	3	7
4	24 (66.70)	14	10
Aneurysm site				0.443
Anterior circulation
AcomA	16 (44.40)	10	6
PcomA	7 (19.40)	3	4
ACA	2 (5.60)	1	1
AchoA	1 (2.80)	0	1
OphA	1 (2.80)	1	0
Posterior circulation
PCA	2 (5.60)	0	2
BA	1 (2.80)	0	1
VA	3 (8.30)	1	2
PICA	3 (8.30)	2	1
Time interval from ictus to coiling				0.691
< 24 h	28 (80.56)	13	15
> 24 h, < 72 h	8 (19.44)	5	3
Global brain edema	26 (72.2)	12	14	0.711
Hydrocephalus	12 (33.3)	5	7	0.725
Treatment modality				1.000
Coiling alone	25 (69.44)	13	12
Stent-assisted coiling	11 (30.56)	5	6
Initial ICP	28.09 ± 20.64 mmHg	25.28 ± 16.15 mmHg	31.06 ± 24.70 mmHg	0.416

ACA: Anterior cerebral artery; AchoA: Anterior choroid artery; AComA: Anterior communicating artery; BA: Basilar artery; GCS: Glasgow coma scale; mRS: Modified Rankin scale; ICP: Intracranial pressure; mFisher: Modified Fisher; OphA: Ophthalmical artery; PCA: Posterior cerebral artery; PcomA: Posterior communicating artery; PICA: Posterior inferior cerebellar artery; VA: Vertebral artery; WFNS: World Federation of Neurological Surgeons.

Table 2 Complications in high-grade aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage patients

Complications	n (%), n = 36
Aneurysm re-rupture	0 (0)
Intracranial infection	7 (19.54)
EVD-related puncture bleeding	2 (0.06)
Delayed cerebral ischemia	15 (41.67)
Decompressive hemicranioectomy	3 (8.83)
Ventriculoperitoneal shunt	7 (19.54)

EVD: External ventricular drainage.

Table 3 Correlation between clinical features and 6 mo modified Rankin scale score

Clinical features	mRS score
	CC	P value
Age	0.367	0.028a
Gender	0.180	0.294
WFNS grade	0.037	0.930
GCS	-0.344	0.040a
mFisher grade	-0.230	0.176
Time interval from ictus to coiling	-0.021	0.902
Global brain edema	0.200	0.242
Hydrocephalus	0.054	0.753
Delayed cerebral infarct	0.622	0.000a

^aP < 0.05. CC: Correlation coefficient; GCS: Glasgow Coma scale; mFisher: Modified Fisher; mRS: Modified Rankin scale; WFNS: World Federation of Neurological Surgeons.

Table 4 Multivariate linear regression of 6-mo modified Rankin scale

Variables	b (95%CI)	P value
Age	0.32 (-0.018, 0.083)	0.199
GCS	-0.296 (-0.583, -0.195)	0.043a
mFisher grade	-0.652 (-1.499, 0.195)	0.127
Delayed cerebral ischemia	2.066 (0.780, 3.352)	0.003a

^aP < 0.05. Glasgow coma scale and delayed cerebral ischemia are significant predictors of functional outcome. CI: Confidence interval; GCS: Glasgow Coma scale; mFisher: Modified Fisher.