Diagnostic value of amygdala volume on structural magnetic resonance imaging in Alzheimer’s disease

Table 1 Demographics characteristics of all participants

Characteristics	AD, n = 22	Control, n = 26	P value
Age (yr)	74.7 ± 8.9	70.8 ± 8.5	0.121
Gender (female/male)	11/11	14/12	0.792
Education (yr)	5.1 (4.6-11.2)	6.2 (3.1-10.9)	0.853
CDR (0/1/2/3)	0/4/10/8	26/0/0/0	-
MMSE	13.6 ± 8.0	27.8 ± 1.5	< 0.0011
Onset times (yr)	3.8 (2.5-8.5)	-	-

¹P values were calculated by Student’s t-test.

²P values were calculated by χ² test.

³P values were calculated by Mann-Whitney U test. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. AD: Alzheimer’s disease; CDR: Clinical Dementia Rating; MMSE: Mini Mental State examination.

Table 2 Neuropsychiatric inventory score and psychological distress scores of caregivers

Case	NPI score, points	Item score, points	Psychological distress scores of caregivers, points
1	27	Hallucination 6, irritability 12, sleep difficulties 9	10
2	24	Hallucination 12, sleep difficulties 12	6
3	14	Agitation 6, irritable 8	6
4	20	Disinhibition 12, sleep difficulties 8	9
5	20	Anxiety 8, indifference 12	6
6	24	Agitation 12, irritable 12	8
7	12	Hallucination 12	5
8	21	Indifference 12, irritable 9	7
9	32	Delusion 12, aggressive 8, sleep difficulties 12	13
10	12	Depression 12	4
11	20	Delusion 12, irritable 8	9
12	18	Indifference 12, sleep difficulties 6	8
13	12	Indifference 12	4

NPI: Neuropsychiatric inventory.

Table 3 Mental symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease patients, n (%)

Symptoms	Total cases, n = 22	Mild AD, n = 4	Moderate AD, n = 10	Severe AD, n = 8
Irritability	5 (22.73)	1 (25)	2 (20)	2 (25)
Sleep difficulties	5 (22.73)	0	4 (40)	1 (12.5)
Indifference	4 (18.18)	0	3 (30)	1 (12.5)
Hallucination	3 (13.64)	0	2 (20)	1 (12.5)
Agitation	2 (9.09)	1 (25)	1 (10)	0
Delusion	2 (9.09)	0	0	2 (25)
Disinhibition	1 (4.55)	0	0	1 (12.5)
Anxiety	1 (4.55)	0	1 (10)	0
Aggressive	1 (4.55)	0	0	1 (12.5)
Depression	1 (4.55)	0	0	1 (12.5)
At least one of the above symptoms	13 (59.1)	1 (25)	6 (60)	6 (75)

AD: Alzheimer’s disease.