Cleansing efficacy and safety of bowel preparation protocol using sodium picosulfate/magnesium citrate considering subjective experiences: An observational study

Table 1 The Ottawa Bowel Preparation Scale (by colon segment)

Score	Description
0	Excellent: Clearly visible mucosal detail with almost no stool residue; any fluid present is clear with hardly any stool residue
1	Good: Some turbid fluid or stool residue, but mucosal detail still visible without the need for washing/suctioning
2	Fair: Some turbid fluid of stool residue obscuring mucosal detail; however, mucosal detail becomes visible with suctioning; washing not needed
3	Poor: Stool present obscuring mucosal detail and contour; a reasonable view is obtained by suctioning and washing
4	Inadequate: Solid stool obscuring mucosal detail, which cannot be cleared by washing and suctioning

Table 2 The Ottawa Bowel Preparation Scale (total colon fluid)

Score	Description
0	Small volume of fluid
1	Moderate volume of fluid
2	Large volume of fluid

Total score (obtained by adding up scores for each segment + total colon fluid score). Range: Minimum of 0 (excellent) to maximum of 14 (inadequate).

Table 3 Baseline characteristics of the study group, n (%)

Characteristics	Study population, n = 64
Gender
Male	42 (65.63)
Female	22 (34.38)
BMI, mean, kg/m2	25.1
BMI > 25	32 (50.00)
BMI ≤ 25	32 (50.00)
Constipation	6 (9.38)
History of abdominal surgery	9 (14.06)
Indication
Screening	47 (73.44)
History of colon polyp	12 (18.75)
Chronic constipation	3 (4.69)
Diarrhea	0 (0.00)
Other	2 (3.13)
History of past colonoscopy	42 (65.63)

BMI: Body mass index.

Table 4 Efficacy, acceptability and tolerability of bowel preparation

Variables	Score
OBPS (mean)
Ascending	1.4
Mid	0.9
Rectosigmoid	0.8
Total colon fluid	0.5
Overall (mean ± SD)	3.6 ± 0.312
Quality of bowel preparation, n (%)
Success rate (OBPS ≤ 7)	58 (93.55)
Excellence rate (OBPS ≤ 4)	42 (67.74)
Polyp detection rate (%)	36.9
Supplementary water intake (mL)	3000 (2250, 3800)
Sleep quality-VAS	0 (0, 6)
Anal pain-VAS	0 (0, 6)
Ease of drinking-VAS	10 (4, 10)
Taste-VAS	10 (5, 10)

OBPS: Ottawa Bowel Preparation Scale; SD: Standard deviation; VAS: Visual analogue scale/score.

Table 5 Univariate analysis

Variables	Overall	OBPS ≤ 4, n = 42	OBPS > 4, n = 20	Statistics	P value
Age (mean ± SD)	50.20 ± 10.36	47.90 ± 8.90	55.50 ± 11.90	2.81	0.0066
Male	41 (65.63)	30 (71.40)	11 (55.00)	1.63	0.255
BMI	25.1 ± 4.0	25.4 ± 4.1	24.6 ± 3.9	-0.68	0.4963
≤ 25	31 (50.00)	19 (45.20)	12 (60.00)
> 25	31 (50.00)	23 (54.80)	8 (40.00)
Constipation	6 (9.38)	1 (2.40)	5 (25.00)	7.9301	0.0112
History of abdominal surgery	9 (14.06)	4 (9.50)	5 (25.00)	2.6151	0.133
Taking drugs	10 (15.63)	5 (11.90)	5 (25.00)	1.7175	0.269
Indications				2.348	0.141
Screening	45 (72.58)	33 (78.60)	12 (60.00)
Other	17 (27.42)	9 (21.40)	8 (40.00)
No history of past colonoscopy	40 (65.63)	29 (69.00)	11 (55.00)	1.1679	0.395
Minutes from 1st dose of Picolax
First stool	73.0 (8, 243)	86.7 (8, 243)	98.2 (15, 230)	0.7234	0.4694
Last stool	169.3 ± 96.8	175.0 ± 104.8	158.1 ± 79.4	-0.64	0.5246
Minutes from 2nd dose of Picolax
First stool	38.9 ± 28.1	37.8 ± 28.5	42.8 ± 28.5	0.65	0.5212
Last stool	139.5 ± 63.1	140.9 ± 56.0	137.9	-0.18	0.8602
Water intake (mL)	3000.0 (2250, 3800)	2989.3 (2250, 3000)	2877.5 (2250, 3800)	3.6245	0.0569
Total frequency of defecation	9.0 (5, 21)	8.5 (5, 17)	9.0 (5, 21)	0.2819	0.779
Sleep disturbances (VAS > 1)				2.824	0.7271
Yes	20	15 (35.7)	5 (25.0)
No	42	27 (64.3)	15 (75.0)
Ease of drinking				0.01	1
Easy (VAS ≥ 9)	46	31 (73.8)	15 (75.0)
Hard (VAS < 9)	16	11 (26.2)	5 (25.0)
Taste				0.2214	1
Satisfied (VAS ≥ 9)	54	36 (85.7)	18 (90.0)
Dissatisfied (VAS < 9)	8	6 (14.3)	2 (10.0)

BMI: Body mass index; OBPS: Ottawa Bowel Preparation Scale; SD: Standard deviation; VAS: Visual analogue scale/score.

Table 6 Univariate logistic regression analysis for the group with Ottawa Bowel Preparation Scale > 4

Variable	Regression coefficient	SEM	Statistics	P value	OR	95%CI
Age	0.0742	0.0299	6.1732	0.013	1.077	1.0160-1.1420
Male (n, %)	0.7156	0.5645	1.6071	0.2049	2.046	0.2677-6.1850
Constipation	2.6149	1.1362	5.2962	0.0214	13.665	1.4740-126.6990

CI: Confidence interval; OR: Odds ratio; SEM: Scanning electron microscope.