Prognosis factors of advanced gastric cancer according to sex and age

Table 1 Clinicopathologic characteristics of all patients

Characteristic
Age (yr)
Range	22-87
mean ± SD	57.7 ± 12.3
Age grouping, n (%)
≤ 60 yr	1069 (53.3)
> 60 yr	936 (46.7)
Sex, n (%)
Male	1384 (69)
Female	621 (31)
Body mass index (kg/m2)
Range	12.3–57.8
mean ± SD	23.3 ± 3.2
Comorbidities, n (%)	616 (30.7)
Hypertension	441 (22)
Diabetes mellitus	212 (10.6)
Others	112 (5.6)
Tumour size (cm)
Range	1-48
mean ± SD	6.3 ± 3.5
Location, n (%)
Upper third	345 (17.2)
Middle third	463 (23.1)
Lower third	1197 (59.7)
Depth of invasion, n (%)
Muscularis propria	504 (25.1)
Subserosal	865 (43.1)
Serosa exposed or invaded	608 (30.4)
Histology, n (%)
Papillary adenocarcinoma	7 (0.3)
Tubular adenocarcinoma (well differentiated)	62 (3.1)
Tubular adenocarcinoma (moderately differentiated)	624 (31.1)
Tubular adenocarcinoma (poorly differentiated)	992 (49.5)
Signet ring cell carcinoma	219 (10.9)
Others	101 (5)
Gastrectomy, n (%)
Subtotal	1127 (56.2)
Total	878 (43.8)
Retrieved lymph nodes, n
Range	12-106
mean ± SD	28.4 ± 12
Lymph node metastasis, n (%)
Yes	1079 (53.8)
No	926 (46.2)
Lymphovascular invasion, n (%)
Yes	1023 (51)
No	982 (49)
Perineural invasion, n (%)
Yes	925 (46.1)
No	1080 (53.9)
Adjuvant chemotherapy, n (%)
Yes	1340 (66.8)
No	665 (33.2)
Recurrence, n (%)
Yes	671 (33.5)
No	1334 (66.5)
Mortality, n (%)
Yes	874 (43.6)
No	1131 (56.4)
Overall survival (mo)
Range	0.5-129.7
mean ± SD	55.3 ± 32.2
Recurrence-free survival (mo)
Range	0.5-129.7
mean ± SD	51.1 ± 33.6

SD: Standard deviation.

Table 2 Multivariate analysis of factors influencing survival using a Cox proportional hazards model

Characteristic	Overall survival			Recurrence-free survival
	P value	HR	95%CI	P value	HR	95%CI
Sex
Male		1.000			1.000
Female	0.434	0.943	0.813-1.093	0.292	0.925	0.801-1.069
Age
≤ 60 yr		1.000			1.000
> 60 yr	0.001	1.723	1.502-1.978	0.001	1.658	1.451-1.895
Tumour size
≤ 5 cm		1.000			1.000
> 5 cm	0.001	1.455	1.252-1.690	0.001	1.505	1.302-1.740
Lymphovascular invasion
No		1.000			1.000
Yes	0.001	1.678	1.450-1.943	0.001	1.676	1.455-1.931
Lymph node metastasis
No		1.000			1.000
Yes	0.047	0.866	0.752-0.998	0.111	0.894	0.780-1.026
Depth of invasion
Muscularis propria	0.102	0.654	0.394-1.088	0.160	0.696	0.419-1.155
Sub-serosal	0.125	0.676	0.410-1.115	0.200	0.721	0.437-1.189
Serosal exposed	0.080	0.636	0.383-1.055	0.142	0.685	0.413-1.135
Serosal invasion	0.287	0.705	0.370-1.342	0.272	0.697	0.366-1.189
Histology
Tubular adenocarcinoma (well)		1.000			1.000
Tubular adenocarcinoma (moderate)	0.036	1.783	1.038-3.061	0.069	1.562	0.967-2.523
Tubular adenocarcinoma (poorly)	0.008	2.070	1.211-3.538	0.026	1.716	1.067-2.759
Signet ring cell carcinoma	0.001	2.689	1.535-4.707	0.001	2.290	1.387-3.781
Mucinous adenocarcinoma	0.156	1.601	0.836-3.066	0.236	1.431	0.791-2.588

HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval.

Table 3 Multivariate analysis of factors influencing survival according to sex using a Cox proportional hazards model

Characteristic	Male			Female
	P value	HR	95%CI	P value	HR	95%CI
Age
≤ 60 yr		1.000			1.000
> 60 yr	0.001	1.882	1.601-2.213	0.136	1.204	0.943-1.536
Tumour size
≤ 5 cm		1.000			1.000
> 5 cm	0.001	1.443	1.212-1.718	0.001	1.610	1.239-2.090
Lymphovascular invasion
No		1.000			1.000
Yes	0.001	1.697	1.428-2.017	0.001	1.587	1.238-2.035
Lymph node metastasis
No		1.000			1.000
Yes	0.166	0.890	0.754-1.050	0.437	0.907	0.709-1.161
Depth of invasion
Muscularis propria	0.025	0.521	0.295-0.920	0.736	1.220	0.385-3.866
Sub-serosal	0.044	0.565	0.324-0.986	0.824	1.139	0.362-3.587
Serosal exposed	0.039	0.551	0.314-0.970	0.986	0.990	0.311-3.147
Serosal invasion	0.264	0.669	0.330-1.354	0.653	0.693	0.140-3.434
Histology
Tubular adenocarcinoma (well)		1.000			1.000
Tubular adenocarcinoma (moderate)	0.043	1.754	1.017-3.026	0.886	0.929	0.337-2.559
Tubular adenocarcinoma (poor)	0.010	2.029	1.181-3.486	0.739	0.844	0.312-2.282
Signet ring cell carcinoma	0.001	3.153	1.769-5.619	0.812	0.883	0.317-2.459
Mucinous adenocarcinoma	0.359	1.390	0.688-2.810	0.896	1.080	0.342-3.409

HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval.

Table 4 Multivariate analysis of factors influencing survival according to age using a Cox proportional hazards model

Characteristic	≤ 60 yr old			> 60 yr old
	P value	HR	95%CI	P value	HR	95%CI
Sex
Male		1.000			1.000
Female	0.300	1.116	0.907-1.373	0.017	0.780	0.636-0.957
Tumour size
≤ 5 cm		1.000			1.000
> 5 cm	0.001	1.973	1.586-2.454	0.086	1.187	0.976-1.444
Lymphovascular invasion
No		1.000			1.000
Yes	0.001	1.783	1.441-2.206	0.001	1.580	1.307-1.910
Lymph node metastasis
No		1.000			1.000
Yes	0.485	0.929	0.756-1.142	0.147	0.872	0.725-1.049
Depth of invasion
Muscularis propria	0.185	0.570	0.249-1.308	0.371	0.746	0.392-1.418
Sub-serosal	0.280	0.638	0.283-1.441	0.472	0.792	0.420-1.495
Serosal exposed	0.214	0.594	0.262-1.350	0.465	0.786	0.412-1.500
Serosal invasion	0.518	0.724	0.272-1.929	0.549	0.765	0.318-1.839
Histology
Tubular adenocarcinoma (well)		1.000			1.000
Tubular adenocarcinoma (moderate)	0.731	0.891	0.463-1.718	0.010	2.547	1.246-5.205
Tubular adenocarcinoma (poorly)	0.929	0.972	0.514-1.837	0.004	2.812	1.380-5.730
Signet ring cell carcinoma	0.427	1.309	0.674-2.543	0.001	3.652	1.700-7.843
Mucinous adenocarcinoma	0.134	0.525	0.226-1.220	0.002	3.847	1.648-8.979

HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval.

Table 5 Analysis of lymph node metastasis using the chi-squared test and a logistic regression model

Characteristic	Lymph node metastasis		Univariate	Multivariate
	Yes	No	P value	OR	95%CI	P value
Sex
Male	766 (71)	618 (66.7)	0.040	1.000
Female	313 (29)	308 (33.3)		0.840	0.682-1.034	0.099
Age
≤ 60 yr	573 (53.1)	496 (53.6)	0.837	1.000
> 60 yr	506 (46.9)	430 (46.4)		1.035	0.854-1.255	0.726
Tumour size
≤ 5 cm	580 (53.8)	316 (34.1)	0.001	1.000
> 5 cm	499 (46.2)	610 (65.9)		0.552	0.453-0.674	0.001
Lymphovascular invasion
Yes	415 (38.5)	608 (65.7)	0.001	0.356	0.294-0.431	0.001
No	664 (61.5)	318 (34.3)		1.000
Depth of invasion
Muscularis propria	252 (23.4)	252 (27.2)		0.647	0.297-1.409	0.273
Sub-serosal	453 (42)	412 (44.5)		0.711	0.329-1.537	0.386
Serosal exposed	327 (30.3)	233 (25.2)		0.908	0.418-1.975	0.808
Serosal invasion	30 (2.8)	18 (1.9)		1.078	0.414-2.809	0.877
Histology
Tubular adenocarcinoma (well)	46 (4.3)	16 (1.8)	0.011	1.000
Tubular adenocarcinoma (moderate)	342 (32.3)	282 (31)		0.560	0.301-1.043	0.068
Tubular adenocarcinoma (poorly)	519 (49)	473 (52)		0.583	0.315-1.080	0.086
Signet ring cell carcinoma	119 (11.2)	100 (11)		0.676	0.347-1.318	0.251
Mucinous adenocarcinoma	33 (3.1)	38 (4.2)		0.474	0.218-1.029	0.059

OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.

Table 6 Analysis of lymph node metastasis according to sex using a logistic regression model

Characteristic	Male			Female
	P value	OR	95%CI	P value	OR	95%CI
Age
≤ 60 yr		1.000			1.000
> 60 yr	0.919	1.012	0.804-1.274	0.512	1.127	0.789-1.610
Tumour size
≤ 5 cm		1.000			1.000
> 5 cm	0.001	0.532	0.418-0.677	0.006	0.605	0.425-0.863
Lymphovascular invasion
No		1.000			1.000
Yes	0.001	0.359	0.284-0.453	0.001	0.357	0.254-0.501
Depth of invasion
Muscularis propria	0.684	0.823	0.323-2.098	0.190	0.387	0.094-1.601
Sub-serosal	0.735	0.852	0.338-2.149	0.298	0.474	0.116-1.035
Serosal exposed	0.934	1.040	0.409-2.645	0.585	0.673	0.163-2.779
Serosal invasion	0.817	1.143	0.369-3.540	1.000	1.000	0.160-6.255
Histology
Tubular adenocarcinoma (well)		1.000			1.000
Tubular adenocarcinoma (moderate)	0.044	0.489	0.244-0.980	0.853	1.157	0.247-5.405
Tubular adenocarcinoma (poor)	0.047	0.497	0.249-0.992	0.726	1.312	0.288-5.979
Signet ring cell carcinoma	0.122	0.543	0.251-1.177	0.520	1.673	0.349-8.015
Mucinous adenocarcinoma	0.048	0.411	0.170-0.992	0.945	1.065	0.178-6.387

OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.

Table 7 Analysis of lymph node metastasis according to age using a logistic regression model

Characteristic	≤ 60 yr old			> 60 yr old
	P value	OR	95%CI	P value	OR	95%CI
Sex
Male		1.000			1.000
Female	0.066	0.762	0.571-1.018	0.543	0.910	0.670-1.235
Tumour size
≤ 5 cm		1.000			1.000
> 5 cm	0.001	0.452	0.344-0.594	0.020	0.707	0.528-0.947
Lymphovascular invasion
No		1.000			1.000
Yes	0.001	0.312	0.239-0.407	0.001	0.406	0.307-0.536
Depth of invasion
Muscularis propria	0.024	0.169	0.036-0.790	0.452	1.477	0.535-4.077
Sub-serosal	0.046	0.211	0.046-0.975	0.444	1.481	0.541-4.056
Serosal exposed	0.122	0.298	0.064-1.381	0.332	1.659	0.597-4.607
Serosal invasion	0.324	0.422	0.076-2.341	0.503	1.571	0.418-5.903
Histology
Tubular adenocarcinoma (well)		1.000			1.000
Tubular adenocarcinoma (moderate)	0.340	0.644	0.261-1.589	0.088	0.465	0.193-1.121
Tubular adenocarcinoma (poor)	0.788	0.885	0.364-2.151	0.031	0.381	0.158-0.918
Signet ring cell carcinoma	0.909	0.947	0.370-2.424	0.166	0.496	0.184-1.339
Mucinous adenocarcinoma	0.483	0.677	0.228-2.014	0.068	0.346	0.111-1.080

OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval.