Clinical significance and prognostic value of tumor necrosis factor-α and dickkopf related protein-1 in ankylosing spondylitis

Table 1 General information

	Study group (n = 113)	Control group (n = 100)	P value
Sex, n (%)			0.159
Male	76 (67.26)	76 (76.00)
Female	37 (32.74)	24 (24.00)
Age (yr)	36.7 ± 4.1	37.3 ± 4.6	0.315
BMI (kg/m2)	22.25 ± 1.83	23.49 ± 2.16	0.381
Course of disease (yr)	1.5 ± 0.4
CRP (ng/L)
Before treatment	8.61 ± 0.72	0.50 ± 0.00	< 0.001
After treatment	1.32 ± 0.121
IgG (g/L)
Before treatment	16.00 ± 1.75
After treatment	2.89 ± 0.451
IgA (g/L)
Before treatment	4.88 ± 0.91
After treatment	0.82 ± 0.211
IgM (g/L)
Before treatment	1.49 ± 0.48
After treatment	0.24 ± 0.081
Rheumatoid factor	(-)
HLA-B27 (+), n (%)
Before treatment	85 (75.00)	0 (0.00)	< 0.001
After treatment	15 (13.27)1
ESR (mm/h)
Before treatment	48.83 ± 7.79	12.29 ± 2.73	< 0.001
After treatment	28.14 ± 4.321
BASDAI
Before treatment	4.98 ± 1.61
After treatment	0.93 ± 0.241
BASMI
Before treatment	4.26 ± 1.96
After treatment	0.71 ± 0.311

¹indicates compared with the research group before treatment, P < 0.05. BMI : Body mass index; CRP: C-reactive protein; IgG: Immunoglobulin G; IgA: Immunoglobulin A; IgM: Immunoglobulin M; HLA-B27: Human leukocyte antigen-B27; ESR: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate; BASDAI: Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index; BASMI: Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index.

Table 2 Diagnostic value of dickkopf-related protein-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α in ankylosing spondylitis by receiver operating characteristic curve

	DKK-1	TNF-α	Combination
AUC	0.752	0.904	0.934
95%CI	0.684-0.820	0.859-0.950	0.900-0.967
Cutoff value	87.02 pg/mL	18.79 ng/L
Sensitivity	78.76%	79.65%	82.30%
Specificity	66.00%	95.00%	97.00%

TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α; DKK: Dickkopf-related protein-1; AUC: Area under the curve.

Table 3 Predictive value of dickkopf-related protein-1 and tumor necrosis factor-α on the curative effect in ankylosing spondylitis by receiver operating characteristic curve

	DKK-1	TNF-α
AUC	0.825	0.863
95%CI	0.749-0.901	0.794-0.932
Cutoff value	68.42 pg/mL	32.79 ng/L
Sensitivity	73.68%	92.11%
Specificity	80.00%	77.33%

TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α; DKK: Dickkopf-related protein-1; AUC: Area under the curve.

Table 4 Multivariate analysis of recurrence of ankylosing spondylitis

	B	SE	Wald	df	Sig.	Exp (B)	95%CI
							Lower part	Upper part
TNF-α	-0.450	0.362	1.549	1	0.013	0.637	0.314	1.296
CRP	3.871	2.473	2.450	1	0.018	47.992	0.377	61.152
IgG	0.162	0.089	3.325	1	0.168	1.176	0.988	1.445
HLA-B27	-13.651	139.432	0.010	1	0.062	1.325	0.745	3.306
BASDAI	0.305	0.094	10.524	1	0.001	1.357	1.128	1.631
BASMI	-0.063	0.071	0.79	1	0.074	0.939	0.816	1.079
DKK-1	0.020	0.008	6.877	1	0.009	1.021	1.005	1.036

TNF-α: Tumor necrosis factor-α; BASDAI: Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index; BASMI: Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index; CRP: C-reactive protein; IgG: Immunoglobulin G; DKK: Dickkopf-related protein-1.