Predictive value of serum cystatin C for risk of mortality in severe and critically ill patients with COVID-19

Table 1 Baseline clinical characteristics

Characteristic	Discharged	Dead	P value
Age, yr	54.09 ± 14.95	71.76 ± 10.012	0.000
Male sex, n (%)	30 (46.9)	23 (62.2)	0.138
Critically ill patients, n (%)	6 (9.4)	12 (32.4)	0.004
Hypertension, n (%)	26 (40.6)	20 (54.1)	0.192
Diabetes, n (%)	20 (31.3)	7 (18.9)	0.177
Combined with renal insufficiency, n (%)	9 (14.1)	3 (8.1)	0.373
Coronary heart disease, n (%)	5 (7.8)	7 (18.9)	0.097
sCys C, mg/L	0.8 (0.7, 0.9)	1 (0.9, 1.3)	0.000
CK-MB activity, U/L	12 (9, 14)	19(13, 35)	0.000
Creatinine, µmol/L	64.5 (57.5, 79.1)	78.2 (70, 94.2)	0.001
Aspartate aminotransferase, U/L	29 (19, 40)	44 (31, 73)	0.000
Alanine aminotransferase, U/L	29 (17, 52)	44 (23, 58)	0.028
Glutamyl transpeptidase, U/L	25 (17, 49)	37 (26, 86)	0.005
Alkaline phosphatase, U/L	47 (41, 58)	68 (52, 95)	0.000
Lactic acid dehydrogenase, U/L	228 (188, 283)	548 (399, 623)	0.000
Total bilirubin, µmol/L	9.6 (7.4, 13.5)	13.4 (8.5, 18.6)	0.024
Albumin, g/L	32.7 (30.4, 35.9)	28 (24.8, 29.4)	0.000
Uric acid, µmol/L	229.2 (176, 290.8)	233.8 (177.2, 366.7)	0.521
Calcium, mmol/L	1.97 (1.91, 2.04)	1.73 (1.03, 1.88)	0.000
C reactive protein, mg/L	11.1 (3.55,29.13)	92.29 (42.57, 116.45)	0.000
Neutrophils, G/L	3 (2.21, 4.27)	7.28 (5.63, 9.35)	0.000
Lymphocytes, G/L	1.02 (0.79, 1.39)	0.58 (0.42, 0.88)	0.000
Hemoglobin, g/L	128 (119, 139)	127 (105, 138)	0.540
Platelets, G/L	211 (159, 277)	147(109, 229)	0.011

sCys C: Serum cystatin C; CK-MB: Creatine kinase-MB.

Table 2 Independent predictors identified by univariate Cox regression analysis

	B	SE	Wald	P value	Exp(B)	95%CI
sCys C	0.595	0.17	12.279	0.000	1.812	1.300, 2.527
CK-MB	0.037	0.014	7.149	0.008	1.037	1.010, 1.066
AST	0.026	0.008	10.875	0.001	1.027	1.011, 1.043
Albumin	-0.221	0.041	28.531	0.000	0.802	0.739, 0.869
Calcium	-3.157	0.555	32.347	0.000	0.043	0.014, 0.126

sCys C: Serum cystatin C; CK-MB: Creatine kinase-MB; AST: Aspartate aminotransferase.