Risk factors for adverse cardiac events in adults with fulminant myocarditis during hospitalization

Table 1 General characteristics, n (%)

	MACE group (n = 20)	Event-free group (n = 30)	P value
Age (yr)	31.00 (25.50-48.00)	26.50 (19.75-34.25)	0.058
Gender			0.049
Male	7 (35)	19 (63.3)
Female	13 (65)	11 (36.7)
Precursory symptoms	19 (95)	25 (83.3)	0.381
Fever	16 (80)	18 (60)	0.137
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)	87.40 ± 14.91	105.77 ± 19.07	0.001
Hart rate (beats per minute)	103.05 ± 22.70	86.97 ± 25.04	0.025

MACE: Major adverse cardiovascular events.

Table 2 Laboratory examinations

	MACE group (n = 20)	Event-free group (n = 30)	P value
WBC (×109/L)	15.16 ± 7.12	9.11 ± 3.20	0.002
NEUT (×109/L)	12.88 ± 6.88	6.66 ± 2.94	0.001
Hemoglobin (g/L)	123.36 ± 21.04	136.11 ± 18.03	0.026
Platelets (×109/L)	171.89 ± 115.79	208.85 ± 69.53	0.165
ALT (U/L)	133.50 (65.25-1584.25)	72.00 (38.75-446.25)	0.076
BUN	9.60 (6.36-17.00)	5.55 (4.11-7.67)	< 0.001
Creatine (μmol/L)	109.65 (78.35-322.65)	79.45 (66.70-87.48)	0.003
Troponin I (ng/mL)	28.80 (8.35-87.95)	10.30 (2.22-28.61)	0.012
Peak troponin I (ng/mL)	34.92 (15.74-100.26)	12.09 (2.38-48.44)	0.014
CK-MB (ng/mL)	94.30 (31.00-122.10)	21.40 (6.70-64.60)	0.004
Peak CK-MB (ng/mL)	116.10 (66.10-170.60)	22.30 (7.40-68.30)	0.002
CK (U/L)	959.00 (307.00-1432.00)	423.00 (149.50-710.00)	0.044
Peak CK (U/L)	1545.00 (821.00-2067.00)	464.00 (206.25-860.00)	0.010
D-dimer (μg/L)	1706.00 (493.00-8608.00)	303.00 (86.00-620.75)	0.001
Lactic acid (mmol/L)	3.35 (2.03-6.83)	1.45 (0.98-1.93)	< 0.001

MACE: Major adverse cardiovascular events; WBC: White blood cells; NEUT: Neutrophils; ALT: Alanine aminotransferase; BUN: Blood urea nitrogen; CK: Creatine kinase.

Table 3 Characteristics of ultrasonic cardiogram and electrocardiograph, n (%)

	MACE group (n = 20)	Event-free group (n = 30)	P value
EF (%)	35.55 ± 20.34	45.37 ± 11.96	0.062
EF < 50%	15 (75)	21 (70)	0.700
LVEDD (mm)	46.55 ± 4.82	49.07 ± 6.19	0.132
IVST (mm)	11.00 (8.25-12.00)	9.00 (8.00-11.23)	0.255
ST elevation	14 (70)	13 (43.3)	0.064
III°AVB	9 (45)	11 (36.7)	0.556
QRS widen	16 (80)	14 (46.7)	0.018
QRS duration (ms)	138.50 (111.75-160.25)	111.00 (94.00-146.00)	0.030

MACE: Major adverse cardiovascular events; EF: Ejection fraction; LVEDD: Left ventricular end diastolic diameter; IVST: Interventricular septal thickness; AVB: Atrioventricular block.

Table 4 Treatment and intervention, n (%)

	MACE group (n = 20)	Event-free group (n = 30)	P value
Diuretics	14 (70)	22 (73.3)	0.797
Inotropic agents	14 (70)	9 (30)	0.005
Vasoactive agents	20 (100)	11 (36.7)	< 0.001
Glucocorticoid	6 (30)	10 (33.3)	0.804
Immune globulin	6 (30)	8 (26.7)	0.797
Temporary pacemaker	5 (25)	8 (26.7)	0.895
Ventilator	13 (65)	1 (3.3)	< 0.001
CRRT	9 (45)	0 (0)	< 0.001
ECMO	9 (45)	1 (3.3)	0.001
IABP	6 (30)	0 (0)	0.002

MACE: Major adverse cardiovascular events; CRRT: Continuous renal replacement therapy; ECMO: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation; IABP: Intra-aortic balloon pump.