Choice and management of negative pressure drainage in anterior cervical surgery

Table 1 Patient demographics (n = 1328)

Disease	Number of cases	Negative pressure drainage device (No.)		Mean postoperative hospital stay, (d)	Complications (No.)
Cervical spondylosis	967 (ACDF 656, ACCF 223, Hybrid 88)	GDA	600	3.5	Esophageal injury (2)
					Stroke (3)
					CSF leakage (6)
		SGNPDB	367	6.0	Hematoma (10)
					CSF leakage (6)
					Dysphagia (4)
					Adjacent segment disease (4)
OPLL	264	GDA	128	5.0	CSF leakage (5)
		SGNPDB	136	8.0	CSF leak (4)
					Hematoma (7)
Cervical disc herniation	56	GDA	40	5.0	CSF leakage (6)
		SGNPDB	16	5.0	Airway obstruction (5)
Cervical hyperextension injury and traumatic disc herniation	24	GDA	12	5.5	—
		SGNPDB	12	6.5	—
Cervical tumor	17	GDA	16	6.0	—
		SGNPDB	1	7.0	—

ACDF: Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion; ACCF: Anterior cervical corpectomy decompression and fusion; Hybrid: Hybrid surgery; GDA: Gastrointestinal decompression apparatus; SGNPDB: Silica gel negative pressure drainage ball; CSF: Cerebrospinal fluid; OPLL: Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament.

Table 2 Results of logistic regression analysis

Variable	P value	OR (95%CI)
Diseases1
Cervical spondylosis
OPLL	0.999	37813048.740 (0.000-)
Cervical disc herniation	0.999	57323980.170 (0.000-)
Cervical hyperextension injury and traumatic disc herniation	0.998	306720077.300 (0.000-)
Cervical tumor	1.000	0.575 (0.000-)
Drainage device (G/S)2	0.000	0.324 (0.186-0.563)
Gender	0.987	0.996 (0.590-1.681)
Age group
20-30 (yr)
30-40 (yr)	0.999	0.000 (0.000-)
40-50 (yr)	0.543	1.744 (0.291-10.468)
50-60 (yr)	0.669	0.738 (0.183-2.975)
60-70 (yr)	0.707	0.802 (0.254-2.537)
70-80 (yr)	0.968	0.978 (0.321-2.975)
80-90 (yr)	0.940	0.957 (0.304-3.015)

¹Abnormal values may be due to the huge difference of distribution of diseases.

²G/S means gastrointestinal decompression apparatus/silica gel ball. OR: Odds ratio; CI: Confidence interval; OPLL: Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament.