Outcomes of patients with pelvic leiomyosarcoma treated by surgery and relevant auxiliary diagnosis

Table 1 Basic demographic characteristics of patients

Characteristic	Uterine leiomyosarcoma (n = 35)	Non-uterine leiomyosarcoma (n = 16)
Age [mean (range)], yr	49.6 (32-71)	46.0 (29-66)
Menopause, n (%)
No	21 (60)	9 (56.3)
Yes	14 (40)	7 (43.7)
Medical disease, n (%)
Hypertension	6 (17.1)	2 (12.5)
Diabetes mellitus	1 (2.9)	2 (12.5)
History of operation, n (%)
Hysteromyoma surgery	20 (57.1)	6 (37.5)
Cesarean section	5 (14.3)	3 (18.8)
Other abdominal surgeries1	8 (22.9)	6 (37.5)
Clinical symptoms, n (%)
Menorrhagia and menstrual disorder	9 (25.7)	0 (0)
Abdominal pain and abdominal distention	6 (17.1)	8 (50)
Palpable mass	2 (5.7)	1 (6.25)
Limb pain	0 (0)	1 (6.25)
Postmenopausal bleeding	2 (5.7)	1 (6.25)
No obvious discomfort and examination revealed abnormalities	16 (45.7)	4 (25)
Ascites, n (%)
Increased	5 (14.3)	2 (12.5)
Normal	30 (85.7)	14 (87.5)
Number of pregnancies [mean (range)], n (%)	2.86 (0-6)	3.31 (2-6)
FIGO stage, n (%)
I	16 (45.7)	—
II	4 (11.4)	—
III	9 (25.7)	—

¹Including appendicectomy, tubal sterilization, and cholecystectomy. FIGO: International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics.

Table 2 Serum tumor markers and medical imaging examinations of pelvic leiomyosarcoma patients

Characteristic	Uterine leiomyosarcoma (n = 35)	Non-uterine leiomyosarcoma (n = 16)
Serum tumor markers, n (%)
CA125	21 (60)	11 (68.8)
Elevated	6 (28.6)	5 (45.5)
Not elevated	15 (71.4)	6 (54.5)
CEA	15 (42.9)	7 (63.6)
Elevated	1 (6.7)	0 (0)
Not elevated	14 (93.3)	7 (100)
AFP	14 (40)	7 (63.6)
Elevated	0 (0)	0 (0)
Not elevated	14 (100)	7 (100)
CA199	12 (34.3)	7 (63.6)
Elevated	0 (0)	0 (0)
Not elevated	12 (100)	7 (100)
CA153	5 (14.3)	0 (0)
Elevated	0 (0)	—
Not elevated	5 (100)	—
CA724	5 (14.3)	0 (0)
Elevated	2 (40)	—
Not elevated	3 (60)	—
Medical imaging examination, n (%)
Ultrasonography	16 (45.7)	11 (68.8)
Hysteromyoma	11 (68.8)	1 (9.1)
Pelvic and abdominal mass	4 (25)	8 (72.7)
Malignant occupancy of cervix	1 (6.2)	2 (18.2)
CT	2 (5.7)	1 (6.3)
MRI	1 (2.9)	0 (0)

CA: Carbohydrate antigen; CEA: Carcinoembryonic antigen; CT: Computed tomography; MRI: Magnetic resonance imaging.

Table 3 Cox proportional hazards regression analysis of factors associated with progression-free survival

Factor	Univariate analysis			Multivariate analysis
	Hazard ratio	95%CI	P value	Hazard ratio	95%CI	P value
Fage	0.98	0.94-1.01	0.25
Primary site (uterine/non-uterine)	0.77	0.34-1.76	0.54
FIGO stage
III-IV/I-II	2.64	1.08-6.44	0.03	2.49	1.01-6.16	0.048
Non-uterine /I-II	1.20	0.45-3.23	0.71
Non-uterine /III-IV	0.51	0.20-1.26	0.14
Diameter of tumor (> 8 cm/≤ 8 cm)	2.65	0.81-8.68	0.11
Myoma surgical history (yes/no)	1.60	0.73-3.53	0.24
Surgery (laparotomy/laparoscopy)	1.11	0.90-1.33	0.87
Ascites (increased/normal)	2.17	0.92-5.13	0.08
Menopause (yes/no)	0.81	0.38-1.73	0.59
Chemotherapy (yes/no)	2.95	1.13-7.70	0.03	1.47	0.52-4.22	0.47
CA125 (elevated/normal)	0.99	0.39-2.58	0.99
Lymphadenectomy (yes/no)	1.36	0.63 -2.93	0.43
Neoplasm metastasis (yes/no)	3.31	1.4 -7.82	0.006

CI: Confidence interval.