Six families with balanced chromosome translocation associated with reproductive risks in Hainan Province: Case reports and review of the literature

Table 1 History comparison table of the six families

Items	Family 1	Family 2	Family 3	Family 4	Family 5	Family 6
Area	Haikou, Hainan Province	Danzhou, Hainan Province	Wenchang, Hainan Province	Dongfang, Hainan Province	Haikou, Hainan Province	Qionghai, Hainan Province
Age (yr)	30	22	28	32	24	32
Sex	M	F	M	F	F	F
Ethnicity	Han	Han	Han	Han	Han	Han
Occupation	Office worker	Office worker	Civil servant	Office worker	Civil servant	Civil servant
Height (cm)	170	158	172	153	158	160
Visiting time	2016	2015	2014	2014	2016	2016
Reasons for medical visit	Infertility after 3 yr of marriage	Small uterus, irregular menstruation	Not pregnant after arrested fetal development	Not pregnant after two times of spontaneous abortion	Not pregnant after arrested fetal development for one time	Not pregnant after arrested fetal development for two times
Pregnancy history of self or spouse	G0P0	Unmarried	G2P0	G2P0	G1P0	G3P0
Proband karyotype	46,XY,t(3;12)(q27;q24.1)(Database number: 4222)	46,XX,t(4;16)(q31;q12)	46,XY,t(4;5)(q33;q13),9qh+	46,XX,t(11;17)(q13;p11.2)(Database number: 4059)	46,XX,t(10;13)(q24;q21.2)(Database number: 4238)	46,XX,t(1;4)(p36.1;q31.1)(Database number: 4223)
Spouse karyotype	46,XX	0	46,XX	46,XY	46,XY	46,XY
Spouse’s age	30	0	25	38	28	35

Table 2 Chromosome detection rates in China’s 20 provinces and cities and 16 countries

No	Region	Anomaly chromosome detection rate	Incidence of autosomal balanced translocation	Medical history
1	Hainan Province, China[21]	10.5% (353/3353)	0.44% (15/3353)	Genetic counselors
2	Gansu Province, China[22]	3.91% (51/1304)	1% (13/1304)	Genetic counselors
3	Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, China[23]	3.52% (36/1024)	2.5% (26/1024)	Recurrent spontaneous abortion
4	Shanxi Province, China[24]	23.76% (307/1292)	14% (185/1292)	Abnormal child-bearing history
5	Shandong Province, China[25]	4.73% (309/6534)	0.39% (26/6534)	Abnormal child-bearing history
6	Hebei Province, China[26]	2.09% (70/3348)	1.1% (36/3348)	Infertility
7	Zhejiang Province, China[27]	6.6% (106/1601)	0.5% (8/1601)	Infertility
8	Shanghai, China[28]	3.96% (111/2798)	1.24% (37/2798)	Natural abortion
9	Fujian Province, China[29]	4.32% (87/2110)	1.18% (25/2110)	Abnormal child-bearing history
10	Beijing, China[30]	7 % (28/400)	2.5% (10/400)	Abnormal child-bearing history
11	Anhui Province, China[31]	5.35% (353/6600)	2.98% (197/6600)	Infertility
12	Hubei Province, China[32]	20.2% (315/1559)	3.72% (58/1559)	Recurrent abortion
13	Guizhou Province, China[33]	5.12% (32/625)	4.16% (26/625)	Abnormal child-bearing history
14	Yunnan Province, China[34]	1.5% (3/200)	1% (2/200)	Abnormal child-bearing history
15	Guangdong Province, China[35]	10.37% (132/1273)	1.1% (14/1273)	Abnormal child-bearing history
16	Jiangsu Province, China[36]	1.7% (90/5292)	0.6% (32/5292)	Infertility
17	Hunan Province, China[37]	3.14% (111/3540)	1.67% (59/3540)	Natural abortion
18	Heilongjiang Province, China[38]	4.51% (82/455)	3.3% (15/455)	Genetic counselors
19	Henan Province, China[39]	11.5% (21/182)	4.4% (8/182)	Natural abortion
20	Sichuan Province, China[40]	4% (106/2643)	0.45% (12/2643)	Genetic counselors
21	Republic of Macedonia[41]	0.47% (16/3800)	0.21% (8/3800)	Natural abortion
22	United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland[42]	3.52% (56/1590)	2.26% (36/1590)	Recurrent abortion
23	Turkey[43]	4.1% (124/3020)	0.99% (30/3020)	Natural abortion
24	Republic of India[44]	6.8% (54/788)	5.9% (47/788)	Recurrent abortion
25	Japan[45]	4.3% (55/1278)	1.5% (19/1278)	Recurrent abortion
26	Morocco[46]	11% (137/1254)	2.71% (34/1254)	Recurrent abortion
27	Islamic Republic of Iran[47]	11.7% (170/1456)	7.35% (107/1456)	Recurrent abortion
28	the United Mexican States[48]	7.6% (24/316)	1.27% (4/316)	Recurrent abortion
29	Sultanate of Oman[49]	3.42% (26/760)	2.8% (21/760)	Recurrent abortion
30	Kingdom of Saudi Arabia[50]	7.2% (154/2148)	3.35% (72/2148)	Recurrent abortion
31	Magyarország[51]	3.39% (8/236)	0.85% (2/236)	Recurrent abortion
32	Islamic Republic of Pakistan[52]	5.3% (32/600)	2.3% (14/600)	Recurrent abortion
33	The Republic Of Poland[53]	6.2% (16/258)	4.65% (12/258)	Recurrent abortion
34	Russia[54]	2.37% (81/3414)	1.9% (65/3414)	Infertility
35	Tunis[55]	8.5% (28/326)	3.68% (12/326)	Recurrent abortion
36	Spain[56]	17.7% (158/890)	4.27% (38/890)	Recurrent abortion
Total (1-20)		5.86% (2703/46133)	1.74% (804/46133)
Total (21-36)		5.15% (1139/22134)	2.35% (521/22134)
Total (1-36)		5.62% (3842/68267)	1.97% (1325/68267)