Interaction of arylsulfatases A and B with maspin: A possible explanation for dysregulation of tumor cell metabolism and invasive potential of colorectal cancer

Table 1 Characteristics of immunohistochemical markers

Marker	Clone	Incubation	pH
Arylsulfatase A	Mouse monoclonal (Santa Cruz Biotechnology)	High pH (Dako)	9.0
Arylsulfatase B	Rabbit policlonal (Abcam)	High pH (Dako)	9.0
Maspin	Mouse monoclonal (Santa Cruz Biotechnology)	0.01 mol/L citrate (Novocastra)	6.0

Table 2 Correlation between arylsulfatase A expression and pathological aspects of colorectal cancer

Characteristics	Number	ARSA expression		P value
		Low	High
Age, yr
≤ 60	19	8	11	0.761
> 60	26	13	13
Gender
Male	26	12	14	> 0.991
Female	19	9	10
Macroscopic aspect
Polypoid	12	9	3	0.041
Ulcero-infiltrative	33	12	21
Microscopic aspect
G1	14	11	3	0.022
G2	24	9	15
G3+4	7	2	5
Localization
Proximal	8	5	3	0.502
Distal	21	10	11
Upper rectum	16	6	10
Lymph node ratio
< 0.1	34	19	15	0.041
≥ 0.1	11	2	9
Lymph node metastasis
Absent	29	17	12	0.031
Present	16	4	12
pT stage
≤ T2	15	3	12	0.011
≥ T3	30	18	12
Budding grade
G1	15	8	7	0.812
G2	9	4	5
G3	21	9	12
Maspin expression
Positive	22	3	19	< 0.00011
Negative	23	18	5
ARSB expression
Low	11	5	6	0.921
High	34	16	18

¹Fisher’s exact test.

²χ² test. Significant differences are shown in bold. G1: Well differentiated; G2: Moderately differentiated; G3: Poorly differentiated, 4 mucinous.

Table 3 Correlation between arylsulfatase B expression and pathological aspects of colorectal cancer

Characteristics	Number	ARSB expression		P value
		Low	High
Age, yr
≤ 60	19	7	12	0.091
> 60	26	4	22
Gender
Male	26	5	21	0.341
Female	19	6	13
Macroscopic aspect
Polypoid	12	7	5	0.0031
Ulcero-infiltrative	33	4	29
Microscopic aspect
G1	14	2	12	0.0072
G2	24	4	20
G3+4	7	5	2
Localization
Proximal	8	2	6	0.992
Distal	21	5	16
Upper rectum	16	4	12
Lymph node ratio
< 0.1	34	9	25	0.701
≥ 0.1	11	2	9
Lymph node metastasis
Absent	29	9	20	0.271
Present	16	2	14
pT stage
≤ T2	15	5	10	0.461
≥ T3	30	6	23
Budding grade
G1	15	3	12	0.822
G2	9	2	7
G3	21	6	15
Maspin expression
Positive	22	2	20	0.03
Negative	23	9	14

¹Fisher’s exact test.

²χ² test. Significant differences are shown in bold. G1: Well differentiated; G2: Moderately differentiated; G3: Poorly differentiated, 4 mucinous.

Table 4 Correlation between maspin expression and pathological aspects of colorectal cancer

Characteristics	Number	Maspin expression		P value
		Negative	Positive
Age, yr
≤ 60	19	9	10	0.661
> 60	26	14	12
Gender
Male	26	13	13	0.861
Female	19	10	9
Macroscopic aspect
Polypoid	12	10	2	0.011
Ulcero-infiltrative	33	13	20
Microscopic aspect
G1	14	11	3	0.032
G2	24	10	14
G3+4	7	2	5
Localization
Proximal	8	1	7	< 0.00012
Distal	21	19	2
Upper rectum	16	3	13
Lymph node ratio
< 0.1	34	19	15	0.261
≥ 0.1	11	4	7
Lymph node metastasis
Absent	29	19	10	0.011
Present	16	4	12
pT stage
≤ T2	15	13	2	0.0011
≥ T3	30	10	20
Budding grade
G1	15	14	1	<0.0011
G2	9	5	4
G3	21	4	17

¹Fisher’s exact test.

²χ² test. Significant differences are shown in bold. G1: Well differentiated; G2: Moderately differentiated; G3: Poorly differentiated, 4 mucinous.

Table 5 Correlation between arylsulfatase A gene expression and pathological aspects of colorectal cancer

Characteristics	Number	ARSB gene expression (RQ)	P value	ARSB gene expression (RQ)		P value
				RQ < 0.5	RQ ≥ 0.5
Age, yr
≤ 60	19	0.4801 ± 0.2711	0.6691	10	9	0.532
> 60	26	0.5125 ± 0.3261		17	9
Gender
Male	26	0.4938 ± 0.2892	0.9591	14	12	0.372
Female	19	0.5058 ± 0.3250		13	6
Macroscopic aspect
Polypoid	12	0.4339 ± 0.2530	0.3951	4	8	0.042
Ulcero-infiltrative	33	0.5225 ± 0.3172		23	10
Microscopic aspect
G1	14	0.4155 ± 0.3034	0.2953	4	10	0.014
G2	24	0.5496 ± 0.2793		17	7
G3+4	7	0.4915 ± 0.3747		6	1
Localization
Proximal	8	0.3246 ± 0.2332	0.1153	5	3	0.064
Distal	21	0.4911 ± 0.3179		9	12
Upper rectum	16	0.5962 ± 0.2824		13	3
Lymph node ratio
< 0.1	34	0.5057 ± 0.3020	0.9261	20	14	> 0.992
≥ 0.1	11	0.4799 ± 0.3293		7	4
Lymph node metastasis
Absent	29	0.4749 ± 0.2838	0.5451	17	12	> 0.992
Present	16	0.5422 ± 0.3358		10	6
pT stage
≤ T2	15	0.4987 ± 0.3296	0.96521	3	12	0.00022
≥ T3	30	0.4989 ± 0.2997		24	6
Budding grade
G1	15	0.5193 ± 0.2963	0.97743	4	11	0.0014
G2	9	0.4835 ± 0.3272		5	4
G3	21	0.4894 ± 0.3086		18	3
ARSA IHC expression
Low	21	0.5164 ± 0.2751	0.75613	13	8	> 0.992
High	24	0.4835 ± 0.3275		14	10
ARSB IHC expression
Low	11	0.4849 ± 0.3034	0.96131	4	7	0.082
High	34	0.5034 ± 0.3050		23	11
Maspin IHC expression
Positive	22	0.5066 ± 0.2981	0.98781	18	4	0.0052
Negative	23	0.4979 ± 0.3175		9	14

¹Mann-Whitney test.

²Fisher’s exact test.

³Kruskal-Wallis test.

⁴χ² test. Significant differences are shown in bold. G1: Well differentiated; G2: Moderately differentiated; G3: Poorly differentiated, 4 mucinous.