Retrospective Cohort Study
Copyright ©The Author(s) 2019.
World J Clin Cases. Jun 6, 2019; 7(11): 1270-1281
Published online Jun 6, 2019. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v7.i11.1270
Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the three study cohorts, 1997-2012, n = 6266
VariablesPropensity score-matched CKD patients
Treated(n = 482)Untreated(n = 1928)Uninfected(n = 3856)P1 value
Sex0.38
Men253 (52.5)979 (50.8)2032 (52.7)
Women229 (47.5)949 (49.2)1824 (47.3)
Age in yr58.5 ± 10.558.5 ± 13.758.4 ± 14.10.96
Interferon-based therapy duration in yr0.5 ± 0.8--
Comorbidity
Diabetes228 (47.3)878 (45.5)1727 (44.8)0.55
Hypertension290 (60.2)1150 (59.6)2315 (60.0)0.95
Coronary heart disease182 (37.8)746 (38.7)1519 (39.4)0.73
Hyperlipidemia239 (49.6)961 (49.8)1938 (50.3)0.93
Cirrhosis120 (24.9)446 (23.1)892 (23.1)0.68
ACEI/ARB use14 (2.9)37 (1.9)66 (1.7)0.19
Enrollee category< 0.0001
1152 (31.5)546 (28.3)1332 (34.5)
210 (2.1)30 (1.6)61 (1.6)
3255 (52.9)968 (50.2)1622 (42.1)
465 (13.5)384 (19.9)841 (21.8)
Number of medical visits38.6 ± 25.634.4 ± 26.730.0 ± 25.0< 0.0001
Charlson comorbidity index score4.2 ± 2.73.5 ± 2.63.2 ± 2.7< 0.0001
Table 2 Outcomes between treated, untreated, and uninfected cohorts, n = 6266
Treated cohort (n = 482)Untreated cohort (n = 1928)Uninfected cohort (n = 3856)P value
End-stage renal disease
Events number (%)5 (1.0)134 (7.0)188 (4.9)< 0.0001
Competing mortality (%)58 (12.0)573 (29.7)775 (20.1)< 0.0001
Cumulative incidence (%)2.4 (95%CI: 0.9-5.2)11.7 (95%CI: 8.0-16.1)8.2 (95%CI: 6.2-10.5)0.0032
Overall mortality
Events number (%)61 (12.7)648 (33.6)861 (22.3)< 0.0001
Cumulative incidence (%)41.4 (95%CI: 8.1-54.1)58.0 (95%CI: 51.5-63.9)37.8 (95%CI: 34.4-41.3)< 0.0001
Table 3 Crude and adjusted hazard ratios for end-stage renal disease
VariableCrude
Adjusted1
HR95%CIP valueHR95%CIP value
CKD patients
Uninfected1.00Reference1.00Reference
Treated0.310.13-0.770.0110.340.14-0.840.019
Untreated1.251.00-1.560.0461.281.03-1.600.029
Sex, men/women1.110.89-1.380.351.230.99-1.550.07
Age, per year1.011.00-1.010.150.990.98-0.990.006
Comorbidity, yes/no
Diabetes2.872.28-3.61< 0.0013.062.37-3.95< 0.001
Hypertension3.082.37-4.01< 0.0013.512.57-4.79< 0.001
Coronary heart disease1.281.02-1.590.0310.920.72-1.160.46
Hyperlipidemia1.291.04-1.600.0230.850.68-1.070.16
Cirrhosis0.620.46-0.830.0010.610.44-0.840.003
ACEI/ARB, yes/no1.380.65-2.920.400.960.46-2.040.92
Enrollee category
11.00Reference1.00Reference
20.680.21-2.14)0.500.560.17-1.800.33
31.260.97-1.640.081.240.95-1.630.11
41.471.09-1.990.0121.401.03-1.920.03
Number of medical visits1.001.00-1.010.361.000.99-1.000.41
Charlson comorbidity index score1.0100.98-1.040.460.930.89-0.980.008
Table 4 Sensitivity analysis of adjusted hazard ratios for end-stage renal disease and death between the untreated and uninfected chronic kidney disease patients as well as between the treated and untreated chronic kidney disease patients
Adjusted HR for ESRD1
Adjusted HR for death2
HR95%CIP valueHR95%CIP value
Propensity score-matched CKD patients
Uninfected cohort (n = 3856)1.00Reference1.00Reference
Untreated HCV-infected cohort (n = 1928)1.281.03-1.610.0281.311.18-1.45< 0.001
Propensity score-matched CKD patients
Untreated HCV-infected cohort (n = 1928)1.00Reference1.00Reference
Treated HCV-infected cohort (n = 482)0.280.11-0.710.0070.710.54-0.920.011
Table 5 The effect of the duration of interferon-based therapy for hepatitis C virus infection on the risk of end-stage renal disease and death
IBT durationESRD events (%)Adjusted HR1 (95%CI)P valueDeath events (%)Adjusted HR2 (95%CI)P value
Propensity score-matched HCV-infected CKD patients (n = 2410)No (n = 1928)134 (7.0)1.00 (reference)648 (33.6)1.00 (reference)
< 4 mo (n = 126)3 (2.4)0.79 (0.24-2.63)0.7023 (18.3)1.18 (0.78-1.81)0.44
≥ 4 mo (n = 356)2 (0.6)0.14 (0.03-0.58)0.00738 (10.7)0.57 (0.41-0.79)0.001