Analysis of 24 patients with Achenbach's syndrome

Table 1 Demographic data of patients

Variable	n or mean ± SD	% or min-max
Age	47.91 ± 11.72	21-67
Female	20	83.33
Male	4	16.67
Family history	1	4.1
Bruising elsewhere	2	8.3
Diabetes	3	12.5
Hypertension	7	29.1
Smoking	4	16.6
Alcohol	0	-
Antiplatelet use	0	-
Anticoagulant use	0	-
Pathology in arterial duplex ultrasonography	0	-
Pathology in venous duplex ultrasonography	0	-

min: Minimum; max: Maximum.

Table 2 Laboratory data of patients

Parameter	mean (min-max)	Reference range
White blood cell, × 103/μL	7.84 (4.2-13.4)	4-11
Red blood cell, × 106 /μL	5.07 (3.8-6.4)	4.6-6.2
Hemoglobin, g/dL	15.06 (11.4-19.2)	14-18
Hematocrit, %	45.62 (34.2-57)	42-52
Platelets, × 103/μL	246.95(152-356)	150-400
International normalized ratio	1.05 (0.82-1.18)	0.8-1.2
Prothrombin time, s	11.79 (10.8-12.8)	10.7-13.0
Active partial thromboplastin time, s	29.54 (24-36)	22-36.9
C-reactive protein, mg/L	4.18 (0.8-8.4)	0-8
Sedimentation, mm/h	13.45 (2-24)	0-24
Low density lipoprotein, mg/dL	130.83 (48-184)	< 160
Triglycerides, mg/dL	150.37 (36-252)	< 203
Pulse oximeter, SpO₂%	96.8 (94-100)	95-100

min: Minimum; max: Maximum.

Table 3 Achenbach’s syndrome symptoms and location features

Symptom / location	n or mean	% or min-max
Swollen	13	54.1
Pain	24	100
Paresthesia	9	37.5
Bruising	24	100
Mean episode count	3.04	1-6
Thumb	4	16.6
Index finger	8	33.3
Middle finger	7	29.1
Ring finger	3	12.5
Little finger	1	4.1
Other, Palmar, wrist, etc	1	4.1
Right hand	13	54.1
Left hand	11	45.8

min: Minimum; max: Maximum.

Table 4 Differential diagnoses

Differential diagnosis
Raynaud’s syndrome or phenomenon	Thoracic outlet syndrome
Spontaneous digital venous thrombosis	Trauma
Gardner-Diamond syndrome	Collagen vascular disease
Atherosclerosis	Buerger disease
Takayasu arteritis	Ulnar artery thrombosis
Giant cell arteritis	Radial artery thrombosis
Aneurysmal disease producing emboli	Microemboli
Vibration-induced injury	Polycythemia
Cold injury	Cryoglobulinemia
Dermatitis artefacta	Spontaneous rupture of the vincula
Acute limb ischemia	Chilblain’s disease
Acrocyanosis	Acrorygosis