Association between functional abdominal pain disorders and asthma in adolescents: A cross-sectional study

Table 1 Prevalence of functional abdominal pain disorders according to asthma (n = 1101) n (%)

Disease category	Asthmatics	Non-asthmatics	Unadjusted odds ratio(95%CI)	Adjusted odds ratio(95%CI)	P-value
BS	7 (4.5)	29 (3.1)	1.6 (0.7-3.8)	1.7 (0.7-4.0)	0.2
FD	4 (2.5)	7 (0.7)	3.9 (1.1-13.6)	3.9 (1.1-13.5)	0.03
AM	5 (3.2)	4 (0.4)	8.5 (2.2-32.4)	10.2 (2.6-39.5)	0.001
FAP	14 (8.9)	31 (3.3)	3.1 (1.6-5.9)	3.1 (1.6-6.0)	0.001
With any type of FAPDs	30 (19.1)	71 (7.5)	2.9 (1.8-4.6)	2.9 (1.8-4.7)	< 0.0001

IBS: Irritable bowel syndrome; FD: Functional dyspepsia; AM: Abdominal migraine; FAP: Functional abdominal pain; FAPDs: Functional abdominal pain disorders.

Table 2 Severity of abdominal pain according to asthma (n = 1101) n (%)

Abdominal pain severity	Asthmatics	Non-asthmatics	Unadjusted odds ratio(95%CI)	Adjusted odds ratio(95%CI)	P-value
Mild	38 (24.2)	225 (23.8)	1.1 (0.7-1.8)	1.1 (0.7-1.7)	0.49
Moderate	36 (22.9)	217 (23.0)	1.1 (0.7-1.7)	1.1 (0.7-1.8)	0.48
Severe	17 (10.8)	43 (4.6)	2.7 (1.4-5.1)	2.8 (1.5-5.3)	0.001

Table 3 Prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms among asthmatics (n = 1101) n (%)

	Asthmatics	Non asthmatics	Odds ratio (95%CI)	P-value
Upper gastrointestinal symptom
Abdominal pain	33 (21)	109 (11.5)	2.0 (1.3-3.1)	0.002
Bloating	26 (16.6)	91 (9.6)	1.8 (1.1-2.9)	0.01
Loss of appetite	38 (24.2)	153 (16.2)	1.6 (1.1-2.4)	0.02
Nausea	10 (6.4)	27 (2.9)	2.3 (1.0-4.8)	0.04
Vomiting	7 (4.5)	54 (5.7)	0.7 (0.3-1.7)	0.6
Early satiety	15 (9.6)	119 (12.6)	0.7 (0.4-1.2)	0.3
Lower gastrointestinal symptom
Increased frequency of defecation	17 (10.8)	82 (8.7)	1.2 (0.7-2.2)	0.3
Decreased frequency of defecation	14 (8.9)	70 (7.4)	1.2 (0.6-2.2)	0.5
Frequency of passage of hard stool	10 (6.4)	76 (8.1)	0.7 (0.3-1.5)	0.4
Frequency of passage of loose stool	18 (11.5)	92 (9.7)	1.1 (0.7-2.0)	0.5

Table 4 Health related quality of life scores in children with each disease category and controls (n = 1101)

Quality of life domain	Children with FAPDs only	Children with asthma only	Children with both asthma and FAPDs	Controls
	mean (SD) n = 70	mean (SD) n = 129	mean (SD) n = 30	mean (SD) n = 872
Physical functioning	77.0 (14.5)b	80.8 (14.0)b	72.7 (13.6)bc	88.4 (10.5)
Emotional functioning	69.0 (20.2)b	75.3 (16.8)	69.8 (14.4)a	78.1 (16.0)
Social functioning	78.6 (19.1)bc	85.6 (14.3)a	83.3 (15.2)	88.9 (12.0)
School functioning	74.7 (17.8)a	77.2 (15.7)a	68.5 (16.4)bc	81.1 (14.1)
Total HRQoL score	75.1 (14.0)bc	79.9 (11.1)b	73.4 (11.0)bc	84.7 (10.1)

HRQoL: Health related quality of life; FAPDs: Functional abdominal pain disorders.

^aP < 0.05 vs controls,

^bP < 0.0001 vs controls,

^cP < 0.05 vs asthmatics.