Usefulness of colonic tattooing using indocyanine green in patients with colorectal tumors

doi:10.12998/wjcc.v6.i13.632

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Nov 6, 2018 (publication date) through Feb 11, 2025

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World Journal of Clinical Cases

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2307-8960

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Baishideng Publishing Group Inc, 7041 Koll Center Parkway, Suite 160, Pleasanton, CA 94566, USA

Retrospective Study

World J Clin Cases. Nov 6, 2018; 6(13): 632-640
Published online Nov 6, 2018. doi: 10.12998/wjcc.v6.i13.632

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients n (%)

Baseline characteristics			TG (n = 114)	NTG (n = 228)	P value
Age			67.91 ± 8.94	66.81 ± 10.18	0.326
Gender (M/F)			81/33 (71.1%/28.9%)	153/75 (67.1%/32.9%)	0.461
BMI (kg/m²)			23.96 ± 2.77	24.31 ± 3.16	0.311
Underlying disease	DM		22 (19.3)	48 (21.1)	0.733
	HTN		56 (49.1)	105 (46.1)	0.542
	CKD		2 (1.8)	2 (0.9)	0.602
	Hepatitis		3 (2.7)	4 (1.8)	0.574
Smoking	Present		45 (39.5)	66 (28.9)	0.044
	Never		58 (50.9)	141 (61.8)
	Past		11(9.6)	21 (9.3)
Alcohol	Present		61 (53.5)	80 (35.1)	< 0.01
	Never		31 (27.2)	89 (39.0)
	Past		22 (19.3)	59 (25.9)
All-cause mortality			2 (1.8)	7 (3.1)	0.723
Stage (n = 301)	0		7 (6.1)	12 (5.3)	0.931
	I		57 (50.0)	118 (51.8)
	II		15 (13.2)	30 (13.2)
	III		23 (20.2)	39 (17.1)
Histologic type	Adeno-carcinoma	Well	6 (5.3)	4 (1.8)	0.638
	(n = 301)	Moderate	93 (81.6)	188 (82.5)
		Poor	3 (2.6)	7 (3.1)
	Adenoma	Low grade	5 (4.4)	11 (4.8)
	(n = 41)	High grade	7 (6.1)	18 (7.9)
Operation method	Laparoscopic anterior resection		53 (46.5)	107 (46.9)	0.88
	Laparoscopic Rt. hemicolectomy		25 (21.9)	70 (30.7)
	Laparoscopic Lt. hemicolectomy		10 (8.8)	18 (7.9)
Complication	Edema		1 (0.9)
	Intra-abdominal leakage		1 (0.9)
Margin from the lesion	Proximal		13.45 ± 9.5 cm
	Distal		7.07 ± 5.2 cm

TG: Tattooed group; NTG: Non-tattooed group; M: Male; F: Female; DM: Diabetes mellitus; HTN: Hypertension; CKD: Chronic kidney disease; BMI: Body mass index.

Table 2 Perioperative clinical results

	TG (n = 114)	NTG (n = 228)	P value
Operation time (min)	174.76 ± 51.6	192.63 ± 59.9	< 0.01
Δ Hb	0.78 ± 0.76	2.2 ± 1.18	< 0.01
Δ Alb	0.415 ± 0.44	1.08 ± 0.39	< 0.01
Hospital stay (d)	9.55 ± 3.36	11.42 ± 8.23	< 0.01
Oral intake (d)	1.58 ± 0.96	2.81 ± 1.90	< 0.01
Transfusion	2 (0.02%)	6 (0.03%)	0.723
Complication	7 (0.06%)	16 (0.07%)	0.76

TG: Tattooed group; NTG: Non-tattooed group; Hb: Hemoglobin; Alb: Albumin.

Table 3 Perioperative results of tattooed and non-tattooed groups by staging

Staging		TG (n = 102)	NTG (n = 199)	P value
N0 group (Stage 0 + I +IIa + IIb +IIc)	Operation time (min)	172.70 ± 48.87	190.34 ± 60.18	< 0.01
N0 group (Stage 0 + I +IIa + IIb +IIc)	Δ Hb	0.86 ± 0.79	2.16 ± 1.16	< 0.01
(n = 239)	Δ Alb	0.40 ± 0.47	1.07 ± 0.39	< 0.01
	Hospital stay (d)	9.37 ± 2.91	11.53 ± 8.56	< 0.01
	Oral intake (d)	1.49 ± 0.87	2.68 ± 1.16	< 0.01
N1 or N2 group	Operation time (min)	177.91 ± 56.74	195.69 ± 64.59	0.278
(Stage IIIa +IIIb +IIIc)	Δ Hb	0.50 ± 0.71	2.05 ± 1.27	< 0.01
(n = 62)	Δ Alb	0.39 ± 0.41	1.06 ± 0.41	< 0.01
	Hospital stay (d)	10.74 ± 5.00	12.23 ± 8.53	0.449
	Oral intake (d)	1.83 ± 1.23	3.31 ± 3.62	0.064

TG: Tattooed group; NTG: Non-tattooed group; Hb: Hemoglobin; Alb: Albumin.

Table 4 Perioperative results of tattooed and non-tattooed groups by surgical method

Method		TG (n = 88)	NTG (n = 195)	P value
LAR	Operation time (min)	157.58 ± 43.42	180.33 ± 58.65	< 0.01
(n = 160)	Δ Hb	0.86 ± 0.79	2.18 ± 1.23	< 0.01
	Δ Alb	0.41 ± 0.52	1.05 ± 0.41	< 0.01
	Hospital stay (d)	8.79 ± 2.33	10.26 ± 5.79	< 0.01
	Oral intake (d)	1.43 ± 0.79	2.85 ± 1.83	< 0.01
Lt hemicolectomy	Operation time (min)	206.3 ± 33.07	219.61 ± 60.67	0.45
(n = 28)	Δ Hb	0.35 ± 0.50	2.19 ± 1.14	< 0.01
	Δ Alb	0.40 ± 0.29	1.09 ± 0.40	< 0.01
	Hospital stay (d)	12.00 ± 5.85	11.28 ± 4.49	0.72
	Oral intake (d)	1.7 ± 0.82	2.5 ± 0.70	< 0.01
Rt hemicolectomy	Operation time (min)	186.00 ± 49.35	197.14 ± 54.89	0.37
(n = 95)	Δ Hb	0.73 ± 0.68	2.06 ± 1.08	< 0.01
	Δ Alb	0.51 ± 0.43	1.04 ± 0.38	< 0.01
	Hospital stay (d)	10.36 ± 3.92	10.71 ± 5.25	0.76
	Oral intake (d)	1.56 ± 0.96	2.74 ± 1.36	< 0.01

TG: Tattooed group; NTG: Non-tattooed group; Hb: Hemoglobin; Alb: Albumin; LAR: Laparoscopic anterior resection; Lt: Left; Rt: Right.

Table 5 Relationship between tattooing with indocyanine green and perioperative parameters

	Univariate analysis		Multivariate analysis
	OR (95%CI)	P value	OR (95%CI)	P value
Operation time (min)	0.994 (0.990-0.998)	0.008	0.999 (0.993-1.006)	0.835
Δ Hb	0.149 (0.096-0.231)	< 0.001	0.207 (0.119-0.361)	< 0.01
Δ Alb	0.021 (0.009-0.049)	< 0.001	0.056 (0.021-0.145)	< 0.01
Hospital stay (d)	0.937 (0.886-0.991)	0.023	0.987 (0.909-1.071)	0.753
Oral intake (d)	0.259 (0.181-0.371)	< 0.001	0.417 (0.280-0.621)	< 0.01

Hb: Hemoglobin; Alb: Albumin; OR: Odd ratio; CI: Confidence interval.

Citation: Park JH, Moon HS, Kwon IS, Yun GY, Lee SH, Park DH, Kim JS, Kang SH, Lee ES, Kim SH, Sung JK, Lee BS, Jeong HY. Usefulness of colonic tattooing using indocyanine green in patients with colorectal tumors. World J Clin Cases 2018; 6(13): 632-640
URL: https://www.wjgnet.com/2307-8960/full/v6/i13/632.htm
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.12998/wjcc.v6.i13.632