Pneumomediastinum after acute lymphoblastic leukemia and chemotherapy?

Table 1 Etiology of pneumomediastinum

Upper respiratory tract

Head and neck infections

Facial bone fractures

Dental procedures

Mucosal disruption

Tracheotomy

Lower respiratory airways

Chest trauma

Foreign body

Neoplasm

Alveolar rupture: trauma, biopsy, surgery, pleurotomy

Wind instrument playing

Scuba diving

Mechanical ventilation

Gastrointestinal tract

Pneumoperitoneum

Pneumoretroperitoneum

Esophageal perforation (e.g., Boerhaave’s syndrome)

Gas producing germs infection

Bacterial mediastinitis

Head and neck infections

Marijuana smoking and cocaine inhalation

Vomiting

Seizures

Coughing, sneezing, hiccupping

Heavy lifting

Air travel

Heimlich maneuver