Precancerous lesions of oral mucosa

Table 1 Risk factors of malignant transformation

Female gender

Long duration of leukoplakia

Leukoplakia in non-smokers

Location on the tongue and/or floor of the mouth

Size > 200 mm2

Non-homogenous type

Presence of epithelial dysplasia

Table 2 Miscellaneous treatment regimens for oral lichen planus

Topical treatments	Systemic treatments	Surgery
Corticosteroids (triamcinolone, fluocinolone acetonide, fluocinonide, clobetasol, fluticasone propionate, betamethasone sodium phosphate, mometasone furoate) Cyclosporin Tacrolimus Pimekrolimus Rapamycin (sirolimus) Retinoids (tretinoin, isotretinoin) Aloe vera Hyaluronic acid 0.2% gel	Corticosteroids Acitretin Azathioprine Basiliximab Cyclosporin Dapsone Eiconol Enoxaparin Glycyrrhizin Hydroxychloroquine Interferon alpha Levamisole Mycophenolate mofetil Thalidomide Tetracycline Mesalazine Phenytoin Griseofulvin	Resection Cryotherapy Lasers (CO2, excimer laser)

Table 3 Clinical and functional staging

Clinical stage	Functional stage
Faucial bands only	Mouth opening ≥ 20 mm
Faucial and buccal bands	Mouth opening 11-19 mm
Faucial, buccal, and labial bands	Mouth opening ≤ 10 mm