Tissue expanders – an innovative approach in the management of hepatic venous outflow obstruction after liver transplantation: A case report

Table 1 Patients’ details and overview of different methods used to resolve hepatic venous outflow obstruction in the literature

		Arudchelvam et al[8]	Sambommatsu et al[10]	Lim et al[9]	Khorsandi et al[4]	Wang et al[14]
Number of HVOO cases		19	16	3	7	7
LT		17	14	3	7	7
Retransplants		2	2	0	0	0
Indication for LT	Acute liver failure	5	2	0	0	0
	Hepatitis B or C	3	2	0	2	2
	HCC	4	1	1	2	0
	Alcoholic cirrhosis	1	3	1	0	0
	Other	6	8	1	5	5
HVOO etiology	Narrowing at anastomosis	17	14	0
	Thrombosis	2	0	0
	Kinking	0	2	3
HVOO classification	Early onset	11	2	3	3
	Late onset	8	14	0	4
Outcome	Stenting	18	16	1	6	7
	Required liver re-transplantation due to HVOO	1	0	1	1	0
Type of intervention
Interventional radiology	Balloon angioplasty	1	10
	Stenting	17	5
Placement of ectopic material	Breast implant			2
	Surgical pads			1
	Tissue expander					4
	Foley catheter					3
Cavoplasty					4
Other surgical interventions			1
Conservative management (diuretics)					2
Liver re-transplantation		1		1	1

HVOO: Hepatic venous outflow obstruction; LT: Liver transplantation; HCC: Hepatocellular carcinoma.