Medial olivocochlear reflex dysfunction in multiple sclerosis: The influence of brainstem lesion localization and its clinical implications

Table 1 Results of transient evoked otoacoustic emissions and medial olivocochlear suppression in normal subjects and patients with multiple sclerosis, according to age and sex (mean ± SD)

	Group 1	Group 2	Group 3	MS (all)	Control
Age, years
18-35	n = 10	n = 9	n = 4	n = 23	n = 37
	4.61 ± 2.91	6.82 ± 2.64	6.89 ± 3.76	5.87 ± 3.03	7.41 ± 1.96
36-65	n = 10	n = 11	n = 6	n = 27	n = 13
	5.52 ± 1.71	7.66 ± 1.71	7.43 ± 3.94	6.82 ± 2.48	7.98 ± 2.88
Sex
Female	n = 13	n = 14	n = 8	n = 35	n = 34
	5.83 ± 2.43	7.88 ± 1.86	7.19 ± 4.11	6.96 ± 2.78	7.45 ± 2.37
Male	n = 7	n = 6	n = 2	n = 15	n = 16
	3.65 ± 1.54	5.89 ± 2.33	7.32 ± 1.49	5.04 ± 2.27	7.78 ± 1.92

MS: Multiple sclerosis.