Rare phenotype of juxtaepiphyseal osteochondroma of the proximal phalanx and its management: A case report

Table 1 Review of the literature of various phalangeal osteochondromas and their management

No.	Ref.	Location	Age/sex	Presentation	Surgical procedure	Outcome
1	Salim et al[7]	Volar aspect of the proximal phalanx of left middle finger	12/M	Painful range of motion. Restriction of flexion of MCP joint	En bloc excision	Painless full range of motion of MCP joint
2	Hayo et al[8]	Intra-articular; 7 patients: Solitary tumor; 1 patient: MHE	2 females and 6 males, with a mean age of 5.74 years	Clinodactyly deformity	En bloc excision	Correction of deformity
3	Kwon et al[9]	Volar proximal part of proximal phalanx of left middle finger	21/M	Trigger finger with flexion contracture of the PIP joint	En bloc excision + repair of A1 and A2 pulley with Z-plasty lengthening	Correction of locking and flexion contracture
4	Palaniswamy et al[10]	Radial aspect of middle phalanx of left 4th finger	47/M	Recurrent tumor that was excised twice before	En bloc excision	No further recurrence
5	Al-Harthy et al[11]	Atypical osteochondroma of proximal phalanx of right ring finger	5/F	Trigger finger with normal X rays	Excision of hidden osteochondroma	Asymptomatic after 2 months
6	Stern et al[12]	Dorsum of proximal phalanx of the right index finger	4/F	Swan-neck deformity	En bloc excision	Asymptomatic after 3 months with full range of motion
7	Dieudonne et al[13]	Middle phalanx of the right index finger	3 month/F	Radially deviated right index finger	En bloc excision at 22 months of age; lesion recurred at 4 years of age; Recurrent lesion was resected with a diagnosis of BPOP	No further recurrence noted
8	Yamamoto et al[14]	Proximal phalanx of right ring finger	3/M	Swelling with minimally restricted extension	Spontaneous regression of the osteochondroma by the age of 10 years	Asymptomatic at 10 years of age
9	Yabumoto et al[15]	Middle phalanx of the right middle finger	50/F	Atypical A3 pulley trigger finger	En bloc excision + repair of the pulley	No recurrence
10	Karr et al[16]	Proximal phalanx of the middle finger in a case of MHE	18 month old child	Trigger finger	En bloc excision of the tumor with release of the pulley (A1 and initial part of A2)	Asymptomatic
11	De Oliveira et al[17]	2 patients with MHE	9/F, 13/F	Trigger finger	En bloc excision of the tumor with release of the pulley (A1 and initial part of A2)	At 6 months no triggering but residual flexion lag of 20°; Asymptomatic after 2 months
12	Ohnishi et al[18]	10 patients (solitary) and 6 patients (MHE)	0 to 9 years; 14 males and 2 females	Restricted range of motion of the adjacent joints and angular deformity	14 patients underwent simple excision and in 3 patients osteotomy with excision of tumor	2 patients had 30° degrees of residual restriction of range of motion; 2 patients 10° of residual angular deformity
13	Al Qattan et al[19]	Solitary multi lobed osteochondroma from the base of middle phalanx	25/M	Restriction of range of motion of PIP joint	Marginal excision	Recovery of range of movement
14	Baek et al[20]	10 patients with solitary osteochondroma	8 were male and two female	Restriction of range of movement and deformity	Excision of mass and corrective osteotomy if required	Improvement in function
15	Yoshioka et al[21]	MHE	1/M	Restriction of movement	Excision of the mass	Improvement in function

MCP: Metacarpophalangeal joint; MHE: Multiple hereditary exostosis; PIP: Proximal interphalangeal; BPOP: Bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation; M: Male; F: Female.