Innovative approaches to managing chronic multimorbidity: A multidisciplinary perspective

Table 1 Effectiveness of high complexity units for chronic patients

Ref.	Focus area	Key findings
Berkman et al[21]	Heart failure	Reduction in hospital readmissions; improved symptom management
Collado et al[22]	COPD	Better control of exacerbations; enhanced medication adherence
Evans et al[23]	Chronic kidney disease	Lower mortality rates in HCUs
Huth et al[24]	Diabetes	No significant difference in mortality between HCUs and standard care
Osunkwo et al[25]	Patient satisfaction	Higher satisfaction scores due to personalized care
Murphy Salem et al[26]	Mental health	Increased sense of security; improved mental health outcomes
Salem et al[26]	Physical health	Better outcomes due to coordinated care and monitoring
Osunkwo et al[25]	Mental health	Reduced anxiety and depression levels
Collado et al[22]	Cost implications	Higher initial costs; long-term savings through reduced readmissions
Berkman et al[21]	Cost-benefit analysis	HCUs are cost-effective for complex chronic patients
Paoloni-Giacobino et al[27]	Efficiency and workflow	Streamlined care delivery; reduced unnecessary tests and procedures
Thompson et al[28]	Resource allocation	Improved resource utilization; optimized healthcare delivery
Suárez-Avellaneda et al[29]	SLE in ICUs	Importance of evaluating disease severity for management and outcomes
Onofri et al[30]	Cardiogenic shock economic impact	Significant costs with a focus on critical care unit stays
Onofri et al[30]	Telemedicine in CMC	Effective tool for maintaining continuity of care during the pandemic
Leeksma et al[31]	Genomic arrays in CLL	Personalized care potential through risk stratification

COPD: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HCU: High complexity units; ICU: Intensive care units; SLE: Systemic lupus erythematosus; CMC: Chronic multimorbidity; CLL: Chronic lymphocytic leukemia.